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Biology > chapter one > Flashcards

chapter one Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

biology

A

the study of life and living things

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2
Q

properties and processes associated with life

A

order, growth/development, reproduction, regulation, response to environment, evolutionary adaptation, energy processing

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3
Q

hierarchy of organization

A
  1. atom
  2. molecule
  3. organelle
  4. cell, tissue
  5. organ
  6. organ system
  7. organism
  8. population
  9. community
  10. ecosystem
  11. biosphere
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4
Q

cell

A

the smallest unit capable of all life activities

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5
Q

all cells come from other cells (T/F)

A

true for creationists

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6
Q

2 major types of cells

A

prokaryotic and eurkaryotic

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7
Q

prokaryotic

A
  • “before nucleus”
  • lacks membrane-bound organelles and nucleus
  • domain bacteriae and archaea
  • simple
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8
Q

eukaryotic

A
  • “true nucleus”
  • has membrane-bound organelles and nucleus
  • contains many membranes
  • domain eukarya
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9
Q

chromosomes in dividing cells

A

contains DNA, which contains thousands of genes

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10
Q

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

A

molecule that contains blueprint for organism
- easily copied

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11
Q

gene expression

A

information from DNA to RNA to protein

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12
Q

producers

A
  • plants, photosynthesizers
  • convert light energy to chemical energy
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13
Q

consumers

A
  • feed off of producers and other consumers
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14
Q

interaction within an organism

A

negative feedback: end product accumulates, process slows down
- blood sugar and insulin
- glycolysis and ATP levels
- aa biosynthetic pathways
positive feedback: process speeds up
- giving birth
- blood clotting

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15
Q

interaction between organisms and environment

A

organisms:
- bird feeding off of oxen
environment:
- roots/worms loosening soil

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16
Q

taxonomy

A

naming and classifying

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17
Q

3 domains

A

domain bacteria, archaea, eukarya

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18
Q

domain bacteria

A

prokaryotic, unicellular, most diverse/widespread, microscopic

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19
Q

domain archaea

A

prokaryotic, unicellular, extreme environments

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20
Q

domain eukarya kingdoms

A

protista, plantae, fungi, animilia

21
Q

protista

A

protozoans, unicellular/multicellular algae

22
Q

plantae

A

multicellular, photosynthesis

23
Q

fungi

A

nutritional (absorbs nutrients from environment)

24
Q

animilia

A

multicellular, feeds off of organisms

25
Q

levels of classification

A
  • domain
  • kingdom
  • phylum
  • class
  • order
  • family
  • genus
  • species
26
Q

unity in diversity

A

“remarkable unity” on cellular/molecular level
- ex. cilia on lake organism and in lungs

27
Q

natural selection

A

traits that enhance survival and reproduction increase in frequency in a population

28
Q

structure fits function

A

bat wings, flower parts

29
Q

common ancestor or

A

common creator

30
Q

descent with modification

A

contemporary species arises from ancestors

31
Q

organic evolution by natural selection

A

variation, overpopulation, competition (survival of the fittest), inheritance of fitness

32
Q

inquiry

A

search for information/explanation

33
Q

discovery science

A

describes natural structures/processes as accurately as possible

34
Q

definition of data

A

recorded observations

35
Q

2 types of data

A
  1. qualitative - observations
  2. quantitative - measurements/numbers
36
Q

inductive reasoning

A

specific to general

37
Q

hypothesis

A

tentative answer to a question
- “educated guess”
- makes predictions which can be tested

38
Q

deductive reasoning

A

general to specific

39
Q

scientific method

A
  1. observe
  2. question
  3. hypothesis
  4. predictions
  5. tests
  6. back to hypothesis
40
Q

benefits of scientific method

A

easy to rule out false hypothesis

41
Q

cautions of scientific method

A

can’t prove hypothesis, needs to be tested

42
Q

controlled experiments

A

experimental group compared to control group

43
Q

independent variable

A

factor being manipulated by researchers

44
Q

dependent variable

A

affected by independent variable

45
Q

limitations of science

A

only deals with natural phenomena, not supernatural

46
Q

theories

A

hypothesis supported by large body of evidence

47
Q

technology

A

applies scientific knowledge for specific purpose

48
Q
A

Biology (35 decks)

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