chapter eight part two

Question 1

cofactors

Answer 1

non-protein helpers of catalytic activity
- inorganic and organic
- inorganic - metal ions

Question 2

coenzyme

Answer 2

organic molecule that helps catalytic activity
- NAD, FAD, CoA, NADP

Question 3

2 types of enzyme inhibitors

Answer 3

competitive and noncompetitive

Question 4

competitive inhibition

Answer 4

blocks active site and mimics substrate
- overcome by increasing concentration of substrates so active sites become available

Question 5

noncompetitive inhibition

Answer 5

cause change in shape of enzyme by binding in allosteric site (any site other than active)

Question 6

regulation of enzyme activity helps control metabolism

Answer 6

switches on/off genes that encode specific enzymes

Question 7

allosteric regulation

Answer 7

where protein’s function at one site is affected by binding of regulatory molecule to separate site.

Question 8

3 types of allosteric regulation

Answer 8

1. allosteric activation
2. allosteric inhibition
3. cooperativity

Question 9

allosteric activation

Answer 9

binding of activator to regulatory/allosteric site that stabilize shape that has functional active site

Question 10

allosteric inhibition

Answer 10

binding of inhibitor stabilizes inactive form on enzyme

Question 11

cooperativity

Answer 11

binding of one substrate molecule to active site of one subunit locks all subunits in active conformation

Question 12

feedback inhibition

Answer 12

metabolic pathway halted by inhibitory binding of end product to an enzyme that acts early in the pathway
- type of allosteric inhibition

Question 13

feedback inhibition components

Answer 13

1. pathway shut off by accumulation of end product
2. product may be an inhibitor

Question 14

specific localization of enzymes within the cell

Answer 14

cell compartmentalized, structures help bring order to metabolic pathways

Question 15

how many essential amino acids?

Answer 15

8-9, so we can’t make them
- we make 11-12