CHAPTER 9 Vocab A-z Flashcards
Any behavior that is intended to hurt someone either physically or verbally
Agression
A variety of beverages containing ethyl alcohol
Alcohol
Loss of memories for events that occur after a head injury
Anterograde amnesia
A conflict situation in which a choice must be made between two attractive goals
Approach-approach conflict
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events
Attention
Any overt (observable) response or activity by an organism
Behavior
The system of nerves that connect to the heart, blood vessels, smooth muscles, and glands
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
A conflict situation in which a choice must be made between two unattractive goals
Avoidance-avoidance conflict
A conflict situation in which a choice must be mde about whether to pursue a single goal that has both attractive and unattractive aspects
Approach-avoidance conflict
A model of illness that holds that physical illness is caused by a complex interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors
Biopsychosocial model
Physical, mental, and emotional exhaustion that is attributable to work-related stress
Burnout
Unrealistically pessimistic appraisals of stress that exaggerate the magnitude of one’s problems
Catastrophic thinking
the release of emotional tension
catharsis
A state that occurs when two or more incompatible motivations or behavioral impulses compete for expression
Conflict
Relatively healthful efforts that people make to deal with stressful events
Constructive coping
Active efforts to master, reduce, or tolderate the demands created by stress
Coping
Largely unconscious reactions that protect a person from unpleasant emotions such as anxiety and guilt
Defense mechanisms
Diverting emotional feelings (usually anger) from their original source to a substitute target
Displacement
A group of glands that secrete chemicals into the bloodstream that help control bodily functioning
Endocrine system
A physiological reaction to threat in which the autonomic nervous system mobilizes the organism for attacking (fight) or fleeing (flight) an enemy
Fight or flight response
The feeling that people experience in any situation in which their pursuit of some goal is thwarted
Frustration
Selye’s model of the body’s stress response, consisting of three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion
General adaptation syndrome
Spending an inordinate amount of time on the Internet and being unable to control online use
Internet addiction
Passive behavior produced by exposure to unavoidable aversive events
Learned helplessness
Any noticeable alterations in one’s living circumstances that require readjustment
Life changes
A family of mental exercises in which a conscious attempt is made to focus attention in a nonanalytical way
Meditation
A general tendency to expect good outcomes
Optimism
The ranch of the autonomic nervous system that generally conserves body resources
Parasympathetic division
The “master gland” of the endocrine system
Pituitary gland
Disturbed behavior that is attributed to a major stressful event but that emerges after the stress is over
Posttraumatic stress disorder
Expectations or demands that one behave in a certain way
Pressure
The percentage of a population that exhibits a disorder during a specified time period
Prevalence
Physical ailments with a genuine organic basis that are caused in part by psychological factors especially emotional distress
Psychosomatic diseases
An approach to therapy that focuses on altering clients’ patterns of irrational thinking to reduce maladaptive emotions and behavior
Rational-emotive therapy
Loss of memories for events that occurred prior to a head injury
Retrograde amnesia
the collection of subjects selected for observation in an empirical study
Sample
various types of aid and succor provided by members of one’ social networks
Social networks
Th condition that exists when the probability that the observed findings are due to chance is very low
Statistical significance
Any circumstances that threaten or are percieved to threaten one’s well-being and that thereby tax one’s coping abilities
Stress
The branch of the autonomic nervous system that mobilizes the body’s resources for emergencies
Sympathetic division
Personality characterizeed by a strong competitive orientation, impatience and tiem urgency, and anger and hostility
Type A personality
Personality characterized by relatively relaxed, patient, easygoing, amicable behavior
Type B personality
