CHAPTER 9 Vocab A-z

Question 1

Any behavior that is intended to hurt someone either physically or verbally

Answer 1

Agression

Question 2

A variety of beverages containing ethyl alcohol

Answer 2

Alcohol

Question 3

Loss of memories for events that occur after a head injury

Answer 3

Anterograde amnesia

Question 4

A conflict situation in which a choice must be made between two attractive goals

Answer 4

Approach-approach conflict

Question 5

Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events

Answer 5

Attention

Question 6

Any overt (observable) response or activity by an organism

Answer 6

Behavior

Question 7

The system of nerves that connect to the heart, blood vessels, smooth muscles, and glands

Answer 7

Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Question 8

A conflict situation in which a choice must be made between two unattractive goals

Answer 8

Avoidance-avoidance conflict

Question 9

A conflict situation in which a choice must be mde about whether to pursue a single goal that has both attractive and unattractive aspects

Answer 9

Approach-avoidance conflict

Question 10

A model of illness that holds that physical illness is caused by a complex interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors

Answer 10

Biopsychosocial model

Question 11

Physical, mental, and emotional exhaustion that is attributable to work-related stress

Answer 11

Burnout

Question 12

Unrealistically pessimistic appraisals of stress that exaggerate the magnitude of one’s problems

Answer 12

Catastrophic thinking

Question 13

the release of emotional tension

Answer 13

catharsis

Question 14

A state that occurs when two or more incompatible motivations or behavioral impulses compete for expression

Answer 14

Conflict

Question 15

Relatively healthful efforts that people make to deal with stressful events

Answer 15

Constructive coping

Question 16

Active efforts to master, reduce, or tolderate the demands created by stress

Answer 16

Coping

Question 17

Largely unconscious reactions that protect a person from unpleasant emotions such as anxiety and guilt

Answer 17

Defense mechanisms

Question 18

Diverting emotional feelings (usually anger) from their original source to a substitute target

Answer 18

Displacement

Question 19

A group of glands that secrete chemicals into the bloodstream that help control bodily functioning

Answer 19

Endocrine system

Question 20

A physiological reaction to threat in which the autonomic nervous system mobilizes the organism for attacking (fight) or fleeing (flight) an enemy

Answer 20

Fight or flight response

Question 21

The feeling that people experience in any situation in which their pursuit of some goal is thwarted

Answer 21

Frustration

Question 22

Selye’s model of the body’s stress response, consisting of three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

Answer 22

General adaptation syndrome

Question 23

Spending an inordinate amount of time on the Internet and being unable to control online use

Answer 23

Internet addiction

Question 24

Passive behavior produced by exposure to unavoidable aversive events

Answer 24

Learned helplessness

Question 25

Any noticeable alterations in one’s living circumstances that require readjustment

Answer 25

Life changes

Question 26

A family of mental exercises in which a conscious attempt is made to focus attention in a nonanalytical way

Answer 26

Meditation

Question 27

A general tendency to expect good outcomes

Answer 27

Optimism

Question 28

The ranch of the autonomic nervous system that generally conserves body resources

Answer 28

Parasympathetic division

Question 29

The “master gland” of the endocrine system

Answer 29

Pituitary gland

Question 30

Disturbed behavior that is attributed to a major stressful event but that emerges after the stress is over

Answer 30

Posttraumatic stress disorder

Question 31

Expectations or demands that one behave in a certain way

Answer 31

Pressure

Question 32

The percentage of a population that exhibits a disorder during a specified time period

Answer 32

Prevalence

Question 33

Physical ailments with a genuine organic basis that are caused in part by psychological factors especially emotional distress

Answer 33

Psychosomatic diseases

Question 34

An approach to therapy that focuses on altering clients’ patterns of irrational thinking to reduce maladaptive emotions and behavior

Answer 34

Rational-emotive therapy

Question 35

Loss of memories for events that occurred prior to a head injury

Answer 35

Retrograde amnesia

Question 36

the collection of subjects selected for observation in an empirical study

Answer 36

Sample

Question 37

various types of aid and succor provided by members of one’ social networks

Answer 37

Social networks

Question 38

Th condition that exists when the probability that the observed findings are due to chance is very low

Answer 38

Statistical significance

Question 39

Any circumstances that threaten or are percieved to threaten one’s well-being and that thereby tax one’s coping abilities

Answer 39

Stress

Question 40

The branch of the autonomic nervous system that mobilizes the body’s resources for emergencies

Answer 40

Sympathetic division

Question 41

Personality characterizeed by a strong competitive orientation, impatience and tiem urgency, and anger and hostility

Answer 41

Type A personality

Question 42

Personality characterized by relatively relaxed, patient, easygoing, amicable behavior

Answer 42

Type B personality