CHAPTER 12 Vocab F-Z

Question 1

A psychological disorder marked by a chronic, high level of anxiety that is not tied to any specific threat

Answer 1

Generalized anxiety disorder

Question 2

The process of determining the location and chemical sequence of specific genes on specific chromosomes

Answer 2

Genetic mapping

Question 3

Sensory perceptions that occur in the absence of a real, external stimulus, or gross distortions of perceptual input

Answer 3

Hallucinations

Question 4

the tendency to mold one’s interpretation of the past to fit how events actually turned out

Answer 4

Hindsight bias

Question 5

A somatoform disorder characterized by excessive preoccupation with health concerns and incessant worry about developing physical illnesses

Answer 5

Hypochondriasis

Question 6

A legal status indicaing that a person cannot be held responsible for his or her own actions because of mental illness

Answer 6

Insanity

Question 7

A civil proceeding in which people are hospitalized in psychiatric facilities against their will

Answer 7

Involuntary commitment

Question 8

Passive behavior produced by exposure to unavoidable aversive events

Answer 8

Learned helplessness

Question 9

Mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness and despair and a loss of interest in previous sources of pleasure

Answer 9

Major depressive disorder

Question 10

A class of disorders marked by emotional disturbances of varied kinds that may spill over to disrupt physical perceptual, social, and though processes

Answer 10

Mood disorders

Question 11

The view that is useful to think of abnormal behavior as a disease

Answer 11

Medical model

Question 12

Dissociative identity disorder

Answer 12

Multiple-personality disorder

Question 13

The strengthening of a response because it is followed by the removal of an aversive stimulus

Answer 13

Negative reinforcement

Question 14

Schizophrenic symptoms hat involve behavioral deficits, such as flattened emotions, social withdrawal, apathy, impaired attention, and poverty of speech

Answer 14

Negative symptoms

Question 15

A type of anxiety disorder marked by persistence, uncontrollable intrusions of unwanted thoughts (obsessions), and urges to engage in senseless rituals (compulsions)

Answer 15

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Question 16

A type of anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety that usually occur suddenly and unexpectedly

Answer 16

Panic disorder

Question 17

A type of schizophrenia that is dominated by delusions of persecution along with delusions of grandeur

Answer 17

Paranoid schizophrenia

Question 18

A class of psychological disorders marked by extreme, inflexible personality personality traits that cause subjective distress or impaired social and occupational functioning

Answer 18

Personality disorders

Question 19

Irrational fears of specific objects or situations

Answer 19

Phobias

Question 20

A type of anxiety disorder marked by a persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation that presents no realistic danger

Answer 20

Phobic disorder

Question 21

Schizophrenic symptoms that involve behavioral excesses or peculiarities, such as hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behavior, and wild flights of ideas

Answer 21

Positive symptoms

Question 22

A species-specific predispositionts be conditioned in certain ways and not others

Answer 22

Preparedness

Question 23

The percentage of a population that exhibits a disorder during a specified time period

Answer 23

Prevalence

Question 24

A forecast about the probable course of an illness

Answer 24

Prognosis

Question 25

Physical ailments with a genuine organic basis that are caused in part by psychological factors, especially emotional distress

Answer 25

Psychosomatic diseases

Question 26

Basing the estimated probability of an event on how similar it is to the typical prototype of that event

Answer 26

Representativeness heuristic

Question 27

Loss of memories for events that occurred prior to a head injury

Answer 27

Retrograde amneisa

Question 28

A type of somatoform disorder marked by a history of diverse physical complaints that appear to be psycholgoical in origin

Answer 28

Schizophrenic disorders

Question 29

A type of somatoform disorder marked by a history of diverse physical complaints that appear to e psychological in origin

Answer 29

Somatization disorder

Question 30

A class of psychological disorders involving physical ailments with no authentic organic basis that are due to pschological factors

Answer 30

Somatoform disorders

Question 31

Any circumstances that threaten or are perceived to threaten one’s well-being and that thereby tax one’s coping abilities

Answer 31

Stress

Question 32

An unlearned reaction to an unconditioned stimulus that occurs without previous conditioning

Answer 32

Unconditioned response (UR)

Question 33

A stimulus that evokes an unconditioned response without previous response conditioning

Answer 33

Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)

Question 34

A type of schizophrenia marked by idiosyncratic mixtures of schizophrenic symptoms

Answer 34

Undifferentiated schizophrenia