CHAPTER 7a

Question 1

Tests that gauge a person’s mastery and knowledge of various sbjects

Answer 1

Achievement tests

Question 2

Psychological tests used to asses talent for specific types

Answer 2

Aptitude tests

Question 3

The extent to which there is evidence that a test measures a particular hypothetical construct

Answer 3

Construct validity

Question 4

The degree to which the content of a test is representative of the domain it’s supposed to cover

Answer 4

Content validity

Question 5

Narrowing down a list of alternatives to converge o a single correct answer

Answer 5

Convergent thinking

Question 6

The extent to which two variables are related to each other

Answer 6

Correlation

Question 7

A numerical index of the degree of relationship between two variable

Answer 7

Correlation coefficient

Question 8

The generation of ideas that are original, novel, and useful

Answer 8

Creativity

Question 9

Test validity that i estimated by correlating subjects’ scores on a test with their scores on an independent criterion of the trait assessed with the test

Answer 9

Criterion-related validity

Question 10

One’s ability to apply acquired skills and knowledge in problem solving

Answer 10

Crystallized intelligence

Question 11

Scores that locate subjects precisely within the normal distribution using the standard deviation as the unit of measurement

Answer 11

Deviation IQ scores

Question 12

Behaving differently, usually nfairly, toward the members of a group

Answer 12

Discrimination

Question 13

Trying to expand the range of alternatives by generating many possible solutions

Answer 13

Divergent thinking

Question 14

The ability to perceive and express emotion, assimilate emotion in thought, understand and reason with emotion, and regulate emotion

Answer 14

Emotional intelligence

Question 15

Statistical analysis of correlations among many variables to identify closely related cluster of variables

Answer 15

Factor analysis

Question 16

The reproductive success (number of descendants) of an individual organism relative to the average reproductive success of a population

Answer 16

Fitness

Question 17

One’s reasoning ability, memory capacity, and speed of information processing

Answer 17

Fluid intelligence

Question 18

An estimate of the proportion of trait variability in a population that is determined by variations in genetic inheritance

Answer 18

Heritability ratio

Question 19

The group that people usually belong to and identify with

Answer 19

Ingroup

Question 20

In problem solving, the sudden discovery of the correct solution following incorrect attempts based primarily on trial and error

Answer 20

Insight

Question 21

A child’s mental age divided by chronological age multiplied by 100

Answer 21

IIQ

Question 22

Psychologial tests that measure general mental ability

Answer 22

Intelligence tests

Question 23

In intelligence testing, a score that indicates that a child displays the mental ability typical of a child of that chronological age

Answer 23

Mental age

Question 24

Subnormal general mental ability accompanied by deficiencies in everyday living skills originating prior to age 18

Answer 24

Mental retardation

Question 25

Goal-directed behavior

Answer 25

Motivation

Question 26

A symmetric bell-shaped curve that represents the pattern in which many characteristics are dispersed in the population

Answer 26

Normal distribution

Question 27

A figure that indicates the percentage of people who score below the score one has obtained

Answer 27

Percentile score

Question 28

Psychological tests that measure various aspects of personality including motives, interests, values, and attitudes

Answer 28

Personality tests

Question 29

Genetically determined limits on IQ or other traits

Answer 29

Reaction range

Question 30

Active efforts to discover what must be done to achieve a goal that is not readily available

Answer 30

Problem solving

Question 31

Giving an abstract concept a name and then treating it as though it were a concrete tangible object

Answer 31

Reification

Question 32

An index of the amount of variability in a set of data

Answer 32

Standard deviation

Question 33

The uniform procedures used in the administration and scoring of a test

Answer 33

Standardization

Question 34

Widely held beliefs that people have certain characteristics because of their membership in a particular group

Answer 34

Stereotypes

Question 35

Standards that provide information about where a score on a psychological test ranks in relation to other scores on that test

Answer 35

Test norms

Question 36

The ability of a test to measure what it was designed to measure

Answer 36

Validity

Question 37

The measurement of consistency of a test

Answer 37

Reliability