CHAPTER 11 Vocab A-P Flashcards
According to Jung, emotionally charged images and thought forms that have universal meaning
Archetypes
An interdisciplinary field that studies the influence of genetic factors on behavioral traits
Behavioral genetics
A theoretical orientation based on the premise that scientific psychology should study only observable behavior
Behaviorism
A model illness that holds that physical illness is caused by a complex interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors
Biospsychosocial model
According to Jung, a storehouse of latent memory traces inherited from people’s ancestral past
Collective unconscious
According to Adler, efforts to overcome imagined or real inferiorities by developing one’s abilities
Compensation
A state that occurs when two or more incompatible motivations or behavioral impulses compete for expression
Conflict
Whatever one is aware of at a particular point in time
Conscious
Largely unconscious reactions that protect a person from unpleasant emotions such as anxiety and guilt
Defense mechanisms
Diverting emotional feelings (usually anger) from their original source to a substitute target
Displacement
An internal state of tension that motivates an organism to engage in activities that should reduce the tension
Drive
According to Fred, the decision - making component of personality that operates according to the reality principle
Ego
People who tend to be interested in the external world of people and things
Extraverts
Statistical analysis of correlations among many variables to identify closely related clusters of variables
Factor analysis
According to Freud, failure to move forward one psychosexual stage to another as expected
Fixation
The feeling that people experience in any situation in which their pursuit of some goal is thwarted
Frustration
The subfield of psychology concerned with how psychosocial factors relate to the promotion and maintenance of health and with the causation, prevention, and treatment of illness
Health psychology
Maslow’s systematic arrangement of needs according to priority, which assumes that basic needs must met before less basic needs are aroused
Hierarchy needs
The tendency to mold one’s interpretation of the past to fit how events actually turned out
Hindsight bias
According to Freud, the primitive instinctive component of personality that operates according to the pleasure principle
Id
Twins that emerge from one zygote that splits for unknown reasons
Identical twins
Bolstering self-esteem by forming an imaginary or real alliace with some person or group
Identification
The degree of disparity between one’s self-concept and one’s actual experience
Incongruence
People who tend to be preoccupied with the internal world of their own thought, feelings, and experiences
Introverts
A person whose behavior is observed by another
Model
Purposeful suppression of memories
Motivated forgetting
Goal-directed behavior
Motivation
The need to fulfill one’s potential
Need for self-actualization
According to Freud, children’s manifestation of erotically tinged desires for their opposite-sex parent, accompanied by feelings of hostility toward their same-sex parent
Oedipal complex
The process of forming impressions of other
Personal perception
According to Jung, the level of awareness that houses material that is not within one’s conscious awareness because it has bee repressed or forgotten
Personal unconscious
Psychological tests that measure measure various aspects of personality, including motives, interests, values, and attitudes
Personality tests
A durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations
Personality trait
The assumption that one must appreciate individuals’ personal, subjective experiences to truly understand their behavior
Phenomenological approach
According to Freud, the principle upon with the id operates, demanding immediate gratification of its urges
Id
According to Freud, the level of awareness that contains material just beneath the surface of conscious awareness that can be easily retrieved
Preconscious
Attributing one’s me thought, feelings, or motives
Projection
Psychological tests that ask subjects to respond vague, ambiguous stimuli in ways that may reveal the subjects’ needs, feelings, and personality traits
Projective tests
A theory developed by Freud that attempts to explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious mental forces
Psychoanalytic theory
All the diverse theories descended from the work of Sigmund that focus on unconscious mental forces
Psychodynamic theories
According to Freud, developmental periods with a characteristic sexual focus that leave their mark on adult personality
Psychosexual stages
An event that follows a response that weakens or suppresses the tendency to make that response
Punishment
