CHAPTER 4 Vocab Flashcards
A variety of beverages containing ethyl alcohol
Alcohol
The afferent fibers running through the reticular formation that influences physiological arousal
Ascending reticular activating system
Periodic fluctuations in physiological functioning
Biological rhythms
The hemp plant from which marijuana, hashish, and THC are derived
Cannabis
The 24-hour biological cycles found in humans and many other species
Circadian rhythms
A hypothetical process involving the gradual conversion of information into durable memory codes stored in long-term memory
Consolidation
A splitting of of mental processes into two separate, simultaneous streams of awareness
Dissociation
A device that monitors the electrical activity of the brain over time by means of recording electrodes attached to the surface of the scalp
Electroencephalograph
A device that records muscular activity and tension
Electromyograph
A device that records eye movements
Electrooculograph
The entire family of internally produced chemicals that resemble opiates in structure and effects
Endorphins
A diverse group of drugs that have powerful effects on mental and emotional functioning, marked most prominently by distortions in sensory and perceptual experience
Hallucinogens
A systematic procedure that typically produces a heightened state of suggestibility
Hypnosis
Chronic problems in getting adequate sleep
Insomnia
According to Freud, the hidden or disguised meaning of the events in a dream
Latent content
A relatively durable change in behavior or knowledge that is due to experience
Learing
Dreams in which people can think clearly about the circumstances of waking life and the fact that they are dreaming yet they remain asleep in the midst of a vivid dream
Lucid Dreaming
According to Freud, the plot of a dream at a surface level
Manifest content
A compound drug related to both amphetamines and hallucinogens, especially mescaline, commonly called “ecstasy “
MDMA
A family of mental exercises in which a conscious attempt is made to focus attention in a nonanalytical way
Meditation
A disease marked by sudden and irresistible onsets of sleep during normal waking periods
Narcolepsy
Drugs derived from opium that are capable of relieving pain
Narcotics
Abrupt awakenings from NREM sleep accompanied by intense automonic arousal and feelings of panic
Night terrors
Anxiety-arousing dreams that lead to awakening, usually from REM sleep
Nightmares
Sleep stages 1 through 4 which are marked by an absence of rapid eye movements, relatively little dreaming, and varied EEG activity
Non-REM sleep
Drugs derived from opium that are capable of relieving pain
Opiates
The condition that exists when a person must continue to take a drug to avoid withdrawal illness
Physical dependence
Teh fact that a subjects’ expectations can lead them to experience some change even though they receive an empty, fake, or ineffectual treatment
Placebo effects
Chemical substances that modify metal, emotional, or behavior functioning
Psychoactive drugs
The condition that exists when a person must continue to take a drug in order to satisfy intense mental and emotional craving for the drug
Psychological dependence
A deep stage of sleep marked by rapid eye movements, high frequency brain waves, and dreaming
REM sleep
The process in which neurotransmitters are sponged up from the synaptic cleft by the presynaptiic membrane
Reuptake
Sleep-inducing drugs that tend to decrease central nervous system activation and behavioral activity
Sedatives
A sleep disorder characterized by frequent reflexive gasping for air that awakens a person and disrupts sleep
Sleep apnea
Sleep stages three and four during which low-frequency delta waves become prominent in EEG recordings
Slow-wave sleep (SWS)
Arising and wandering about while remaining asleep
Somnambulism
Drugs that tend to increase central nervous system activation and behavioral activity
Stimulants
A progressive decrease in a person’s responsiveness to a drug
Tolerance
