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AP Psych 1 > CHAPTER 1b Vocab > Flashcards

CHAPTER 1b Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

The need to associate with others and maintain social bonds

A

Affiliation motive

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2
Q

Personal stories about specific incidents and experiences

A

Anecdotal evidence

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3
Q

An in-depth investigation of an individual subject

A

Case study

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4
Q

The percentage of variation in one variable that can be predicted based on the other variable

A

Coefficient of determination

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5
Q

A condition that exists whenever two variables are linked together in a way that makes it difficult to sort out their independent effects

A

Confounding of variables

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6
Q

Piaget’s term for the awareness that physical quantities remain constant in spite of changes in their shape or appearances

A

Conservation

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7
Q

Subjects in a study who do not receive the special treatment given to the experimental group

A

Control group

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8
Q

The extent to which two variables are related to each other

A

Correlation

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9
Q

A numerical index of the degree of relationship between two variables

A

Correlation coefficient

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10
Q

Procedures for making empirical observations and measurements

A

Data collection techniques

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11
Q

In an experiment, the variable that is thought to be affected by the manipulation of the independent variable

A

Dependent variable

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12
Q

Statistics that are used to organize and summarize data

A

Descriptive statistics

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13
Q

A research strategy in which neither subjects nor experimenters know which subjects are in the experimental or control groups

A

Double blind procedures

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14
Q

The premise that knowledge should be acquired through observation

A

Empiricism

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15
Q

A research method in which the investigator manipulates a variable under carefully controlled conditions and observes whether any changes occur in a second variable as a result

A

Experiment

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16
Q

The subjects in a study who receive some special treatment in regard to the independent variable

A

Experimental group

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17
Q

A phenomenon that occurs when a researcher’s expectations or preferences about the outcome of a study influence the results obtained

A

Experimenter bias

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18
Q

Any variable other than the independent variable that seem likely to influence the dependent variable in a specific study

A

Extraneous variables

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19
Q

A tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables

A

Hypothesis

20
Q

In an experiment, a condition or event that that an experimenter varies in order to see its impact on another variable

A

Independent Variable

21
Q

Statistics that are used to interpret data and draw conclusions

A

Inferential statistics

22
Q

A periodical that publishes technical and scholarly material, usually in a narrowly defined area of inquiry

A

Journal

23
Q

The arithmetic average of the scores in a distribution

A

Mean

24
Q

The score that falls exactly in the center of a distribution of scores

A

Median

25
Q

A family of mental exercises in which a conscious attempt is made to focus attention in a nonanalytical way

A

Meditation

26
Q

The score that occurs most frequently in a distribution

A

Mode

27
Q

A descriptive research method in which the researcher engages in careful, usually prolonged, observation of behavior without intervening directly with the subjects

A

Naturalistic observation

28
Q

A definition that describes the actions or operations that will be made to measure or control variable

A

Operational definition

29
Q

The persons or animals whose behavior is systematically observed in a study

A

Participants

30
Q

The fact that subjects’ expectations can lead them to experience some change even though they receive an empty, fake, or ineffectual treatment

A

Placebo effects

31
Q

The larger collection of animals or people from which a sample is drawn and that researchers want to generalize about

A

Population

32
Q

The science that studies behavior and the physiological and cognitive processes that underlie it, and the profession that applies the accumulated knowledge of this science to practical problems

A

Psychology

33
Q

The constitution of groups in a study such that all subjects have an equal chance of being assigned to any group or condition

A

Random assignment

34
Q

The repetition of a study such that all subjects have an equal chance of being assigned to any group or condition

A

Replication

35
Q

Differing approaches to the manipulation and control of variables in empirical studies

A

Research methods

36
Q

A tendency to respond to questions in a particular way that is unrelated to the content of the questions

A

Response set

37
Q

The collection of subjects selected for observation in an empirical study

A

Sample

38
Q

A problem that occurs that occurs when a sample is not representative of the population from which it is drawn

A

Sampling bias

39
Q

A tendency to give socially approved answers to questions about oneself

A

Social desirability bias

40
Q

An index of the amount of variability in a set of data

A

Standard deviation

41
Q

The condition that exists when the probability that the observed findings are due to chance is very low

A

Statistical significance

42
Q

The use of mathematics to organize, summarize, and interpret numerical data

A

Statistics

43
Q

The persons or animals whose behavior is systematically observed in a study

A

Subjects

44
Q

A descriptive research method in which researchers use questionnaires or interviews to gather information about specific aspects of subjects’ behavior

A

Survey

45
Q

A system of interrelated ideas that is used to explain a set of observations

A

Theory

46
Q

The extent to which the scores in a data set tend to very from each other ad from the mean

A

Variability

47
Q

Any measurable conditions, events, characteristics, or behaviors that are controlled or observed in a study

A

Variables

AP Psych 1 (34 decks)

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