CHAPTER 1a Vocab

Question 1

A disorder in which the immune system is gradually weakened and eventually disabled by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Answer 1

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

Question 2

The branch of psychology concerned with everyday, practical problems

Answer 2

Applied Psychology

Question 3

One or more premises used to provide support for a conclusion

Answer 3

Argument

Question 4

Orientations that locate objects of though on dimensional judgement

Answer 4

Attitudes

Question 5

Any overt (observable response or activity by an organism)

Answer 5

Behavior

Question 6

A systematic approach to changing behavior through the application of the principles of conditioning

Answer 6

Behavior Modification

Question 7

A theoretical orientation based on the premise that scientific psychology should study only observable behavior

Answer 7

Behaviorism

Question 8

Psychologists who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and everyday behavioral problems

Answer 8

Clinical Psychologists

Question 9

The branch of psychology concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders

Answer 9

Clinical Psychology

Question 10

The mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge

Answer 10

Cognition

Question 11

The use of cognitive skills and strategies that increase the probability of a desired outcome

Answer 11

Critical Thinking

Question 12

The widely shared customs, beliefs, norms, institutions, and other products of a community that are transmitted socially across generations

Answer 12

Culture

Question 13

Sending a weak electric current into a brain structure to stimulate (activate) it

Answer 13

Electrical Stimulation of the Brain (ESB)

Question 14

The premise that knowledge should be acquired through observation

Answer 14

Empiricism

Question 15

The tendency to view one’s own group as superior to others and as the standard for judging the worth of foreign ways

Answer 15

Ethnocentrism

Question 16

Theoretical perspective that examines behavioral processes in terms of their adaptive value for a species over the course of many generations

Answer 16

Evolutionary Psychology

Question 17

A school of psychology based on the belief that psychology should investigate the function or purpose of consciousness, rather than its structure

Answer 17

Functionalism

Question 18

DNA segments that serve as the key functional units in heredity transmission

Answer 18

Genes

Question 19

A theoretical orientation that emphasizes the idea that the whole is greater than the sum of the part

Answer 19

Humanism

Question 20

A theoretical orientation based on the idea that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts

Answer 20

Gestalt Psychology

Question 21

The branch of psychology concerned with the application of psychological principles the applications of psychological principles to the workplace

Answer 21

Industrial and Organizational (I/O)

Question 22

Careful, systematic observation of one’s own conscious experience

Answer 22

Introspection

Question 23

Principle stating that heritable characteristics that provide a survival reproductive advantage are more likely than alternative characteristics to be passed on to subsequent generations and thus come to be “selected” over time

Answer 23

Natural Selection

Question 24

The process of forming impressions of others

Answer 24

Person Perspective

Question 25

Physicians who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders

Answer 25

Psychiatrists

Question 26

A branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders

Answer 26

Psychiatry

Question 27

An insight therapy that emphasizes the recovery of unconscious conflicts, motives, and defenses through techniques such as free association and transference

Answer 27

Psychoanalysis

Question 28

A theory developed by Freud that attempts to explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior

Answer 28

Psychoanalytic Theory

Question 29

A standardized measure of a sample of a person’s behavior

Answer 29

Psychological test

Question 30

The science that studies behavior and the physiological and cognitive processes that underlie it, and the profession that applies the accumulated knowledge of this science to practical problems

Answer 30

Psychology

Question 31

A collection of beliefs about one’s own nature, unique qualities, and typical behavior

Answer 31

Self-Concept

Question 32

The branch of psychology concerned with the way individuals’ thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by others

Answer 32

Social Psychology

Question 33

A study system designed to promote effective reading by means of five step: survey question, read, recite, and review

Answer 33

SQ3R

Question 34

A school of psychology based on the notion that the task of psychology is to analyze consciousness into its basic elements and to investigate how these elements are related

Answer 34

Scructuralism

Question 35

The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness

Answer 35

Subliminal Perception

Question 36

The ability to use the characteristics and format of a cognitive test to maximize one’s score

Answer 36

Testwiseness

Question 37

A system of interrelated ideas that are used to explain a set of observations

Answer 37

Theory