CHAPTER 8 Vocab Flashcards
The need to master difficult challenges, to outperform others, and to meet high standards of excellence
Achievement motive
An inherited characteristic that increased in a population because it helped solve a problem of survival or reproduction during the time it emerged
Adaptation
The need to associate with others and maintain social bonds
Affiliation motive
The principle class of gonadal hormones in males
Androgens
One or more premises used to provide support for a conclusion
Arguments
Premises for which no proof or evidence is offered
Assumptions
Orientations that locate object of thought on dimensions of judgement
Attitudes
The system of nerves that connect to the heart, blood vessels, smooth muscles, and glands
Autonomic nervous system
Persons who seek emotional-sexual relationships with members of either sex
B I S E X U A L S
Weight (in kilos) divided by height (in meters) squared
BMI
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals nd defining one’s identity in terms of the groups one belongs to
Collectivism
The percentage of win pairs or other pairs of relative that exhibit the same disorder
Concordance rate
Behaving differently, usually unfairly, toward members of a group
Discrimination
Cultural norms that regulate the appropriate expressions of emotions
Display rules
An internal state of tension that motivates an organism to engage in activities that should reduce the tension
Drive
A subjective conscious experience (the cognitive component) accompanied by bodily arousal (the physiological component) and by characteristic overt expressions (behavioural component)
Emotion
the principal class of gonadal hormones in females
Estrogens
People who tend to be interested in the external world of people and things
Etraverts
The largest and most complicated region of the brain - encompassing a variety of structures including the thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, and cerebrum
Forebrain
An increase in the electrical conductivity of the skin that occurs when sweat glands increase their activity
Galvanic skin response (GSR)
A simple sugar that is an important source of energy
Glucose
Neurons sensitive to glucose in the surrounding fluid
Glucostats
An effect that occurs when the mental scale that people use to judge the pleasantness-unpleasantness of their experience shifts so that their neutral point or baseline for comparison changes
Hedonic adaptation
Persons who seek emotional-sexual relationships with members of the other sex
Heterosexual
A state of physiological equilibrium or stability
Homeostasis
Persons who seek emotional-sexual relationships with members of the same sex
Homosexual
A structure found near the base of the forebrain that is involved in the regulation of basic biological needs
Hypothalamus
An external goal that has the capacity to motivate behaviour
Incentive
Putting personal goals ahead of group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group memberships
Individualism
Polygraph
Lie detector
Goal-directed behavior
Motivation
The condition of being overweight
Obesity
The branch of the autonomic nervous system that generally conserves bodily resources
The branch of the autonomic nervous system generally conserves bodily resources
What each sex in terms time, energy, survival risk, and forgone opportunities to produce and nurture offspring
Parental investment
An individual’s unique constellation of consistent behavioral traits
Personality
The master gland of the endocrine system; it releases fa great variety of hormones that fan out through the body, stimulating actions in the other endocrine glands
Pituitary gland
A device that records autonomic fluctuations while a subject is questioned in an effort to determine whether the subjects is telling the truth
Polygraph
The reasons presented to persuade someone that a conclusion that is true or probably true
Premises
Psychological tests that ask, subjects to respond vague ambiguous stimuli ways that reveal the subjects’ needs feelings, and personality traits
Projective traits
The idea that weight tends to drift around a level at which the constellation of factors that determine food consumption and energy expenditure achieve an equilibrium
Settling point theory
The idea the bod monitors fat-cell levels to keep them (and weight) fairy stable
Set point theory
A person’s preference for emotional sexual relationships with individuals of the same sex, the other sex, or either sex
Sexual orientation
Individuals’ perceptions of their overall happiness and life satisfaction
Subjective well-being
The branch of the autonomic nervous system that mobilizes the body’s resources for emergencies
Sympathetic division
A structure in the forebrain through which all sensory (except smell) must pass to get to the cerebral cortex
Thalamus
Engorgement of blood vessels
Vasocongestion
