Chapter 13 Review Flashcards
MD; can prescribe psychoactive drugs and devote more time to relatively severe disorders
Psychiatrist
Doctors who specialize in diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders
Psychiatrist
Work w/ family physicians to t treat full-fledged disorders; doctoral degree
Clinical psychologist
Behavior modification
Behavior analyst
Treat everyday adjustment problems; doctoral degree
Counseling psychologist
Specialize in array of problems; marriage, drug addiction
Couselor
Front line in dealing with mental illness; Bachelors and Masters degree
Social workers
Hospital in-patient treatment; bachelors and masters degree
Psychiatric nurses
The treatment o fmental disorders with medication
Psychopharmacotherapy
Used to treat schizophrenia
Antipsychotic
Used to gradually reduce psychotic symptoms, including hyperactivity, mental confusion, hallucinations, and delusions
Antipsychotic
Decrease activity at dopamine synapse
Thorazine
Decrease activity at dopamine synapse
Mellaril
Decrease activity at dopamine synapse
Haldol
Neurological disorder marked by involuntary writhing and tick like movements of the mouth, tongue, face, hand, or feet; schizo shuffle
Tarkive dyskinesia
Produce fewer unpleasant side effects
Atypical antipsychotics
Can gradually relieve episodes of depression, but even newer SSRI’s are not free of side effects
Anti-depressants
Artificially elevate levels of serotonin and norepinephrine
Anti-depressants
Gradually elevate mood and help bring people out of a depression
Anti-depressants
Elavil and tofranil - beneficial for 2/3rds depressed patients; fewer side effects
Tricyclics
Prozac, paxil, and soloft
SSRI’s
Effective in treating anxiety disorders (OCD / panic disorders)
SSRI’s
Chemicals used to control mood swings ni patients with bipolar mood disorder
Mood stabilizers
Lithium / valproic acid
Mood stabilizers
Used to relieve neurosis - effective in short term - potential for abuse, dependence, and addiction
Anti-anxiety drugs
Valium / Xanex
Anti-anxiety drugs
Relieve tension, apprehension, and nervousness
Anti-anxiety drugs
Effects measured in hours, slow impacts, short-lived
Benzodiazepines
Electric shock is used to produce a cortical seizure and convulsions, which are believed to be useful in the treatment of depression
Electro Convulsive Therapy
Short term side effect of ECT
Memory losses
Psychosurgery
Lobotomizing
Today’s psychosurgery
Laser surgery
Did therapy make the problem better or did that passage of time make the problem better?
Placebo effect
Stop treatment if the patient is getting worse or developing a dependency on the therapist
Ethical considerations
Freud; all psychological problems can be traced to childhood
Psychoanalytical
Talk-therapy - altering perception and thought processes
Cognitive
Changing behaviors and consequences
Behavioral
Combine psychology and sociology consider the larger context
Sociocultural
Psychology and philosophy; find meaning in existence; ritual suicide
Existential
Genetics and physiological rpoocesses
Medical model / biological
Therapist does whatever treatment works best
Eclectic model - EMDR
Percentage of the population in a given year seeks help
15%
Two most commonly presented problems in psychology
Depression and anxiety
Pioneered by Freud; believed that neuroses are caused by unconscious conflicts regarding sex and aggression leftover from childhood
Psychoanalysis
Inkblot test
Free association
Interpret symbolic meaning of dreams
Dream analysis
Explain inner significance to client
Interpretation
Unconscious defensive maneuvers to deflect therapy
Resistance
Treat therapist like someone in their personal life, such as a nagging parent
Transference
Pioneered by Carl Rogers - neurotic anxiety i due to incongruence between one’s self-concept and reality
Client-centered therapy
Clarification of client’s feelings
Key process for client-centered therapy
Involves simultaneous treatment of several or more clients
Group therapy
Participants essentially function as psychologists for one another as they share experience, coping strategies and support
Group therapy
Usually a subtle role, staying in the background and working to promote cohesiveness and supportive interactions
Group therapy
100’s of outcome studies suggest this is superior to placebo treatment
Evaluating Insight Therapies
Pioneered by Skinner - he and his colleagues assume that even pathological behavior is a product of learning and that what has been learned can be unlearned
Behavior therapies
Goal is to unlearn maladaptive behavior and learn adaptive behavior modeling or roleplaying
Behavior therapies
Wolpe - treatment for phobia
Systematic desensitization
Involves construction of an anxiety hierarchy, relaxation training, and movement through the hierarchy pairing relaxation with each phobic stimui
Systematic desensitization
Stimulus that elicits an unwanted response is paired with something unpleasant in an effort to eliminate maladaptive response
Aversion therapy
Pioneered by Beck - asserts that most disorders are caused by irrational thinking, rigid, negative thinking
Cognitive behavioral therapy
Devised as a treatment for depression, but is now used for a variety of disorders
Cognitive behavioral therapy
Goal is to help clients learnt o detect and dispute their automatic negative thoughts
Cognitive behavioral therapy
Designed to improve clients’ interpersonal reactions
Social skills training
Modeling
Shaping
Behavioral rehersal
Social skills training
Disenchantment with traditional mental hospitals led to
Community mental health movement
Transfer of mental health care from impatient institutions to community-based outpatient facilities
Deinstitutionalizatioin
Underutilize mental health services because of cultural mistrust, language difficulties, and institutional barriers
Ethnic minorities
