chapter 9 pt 3

Question 1

transformation

Answer 1

chromosome fragments from a lysed cell are accepted by a recipient cell
-acepta genetic code if fragment
-donor and recipient can be unrelated
-useful for recombinant DNA technology

Question 2

griffith

Answer 2

transformation with the rat
-live bacteria converters dead bacteria and kills rat

Question 3

what type of pilus is involved in DNA transformation?

Answer 3

type 4

Question 4

minor pilins

Answer 4

grabls DNA and bring it into the DNA

Question 5

transduction

Answer 5

the result of lysogenic conversion
-bacteriophage is the carrier of DNA from a donor cell to a recipient cell
two types: generalized transduction and specialized transduction

Question 6

generalized transduction

Answer 6

random fragments of disintegrating host DNA are picked up by the phage during assembly
-any gene can by transmitted this way

Question 7

specialized transduction

Answer 7

specific part of the host genome is regularly incorporated into the virus

Question 8

transposons

Answer 8

special DNA segments that can move from one location in the genome to another “jumping genes”

Question 9

what do transposons cause?

Answer 9

rearrangment of genetic material
-move from one chromosome site to another or from a chromosome to a plasmid or from a plasmid to a chromosome
-based on the place it can be beneficial or harmful

Question 10

curviform bacteria

Answer 10

curved (vibrio) gram negative rods
-cause enteric diseases
-salt water
-single polar flagella
-campylobacter: short spiral/ rod one flagella
-heliobacter: spirals with tight spirals and several polar flagella
-labine: heat sensitive?

Question 11

environment of curviform

Answer 11

alkaline

Question 12

where does curviform replicate?

Answer 12

intestine
-ab toxin

Question 13

vibrio cholera

Answer 13

comma shaped
-ingest in food or water
-alkaline conditions
-releases cholera toxin (CT)

Question 14

which causes cholera?

Answer 14

O1 and O139

Question 15

el tor vibrio cholera

Answer 15

survives longer and is more infectious
-torro sobrevive

Question 16

cholera toxin

Answer 16

causes electrolyte and water loss through secretory diarrhea
-rice water stool: dehydration lead to muscle circulatory and neurological problems
-infects mucous barrier of small intestine (noninvassive)

Question 17

epidemiology of cholera

Answer 17

-contaminated water under conditions of poor sanitation
-poop it out into water system
-short incubation (2 days) so the organism is ingested by others and fast epidemic cycle
-traveling makes it possible to import
-oral rehydration oto treat and sometimes antibiotics

Question 18

campylobacter genus

Answer 18

-slender, curved or spiral bacilli (s shaped)
-polar flagella
-resident of intestine tract and genitourinaty tract and oral cavity in birds and mammals

Question 19

important campylobacter

Answer 19

-campylobacter jejuni (heat kills it)
and campylobacter fetus

Question 20

jejuni

Answer 20

causes bacterial gastroenteritis
-low infectious dose
-tramsitted by beverages and food
-reaches mucosa at the last segment of the small intestine near the colon, burros into mucus to multiply

Question 21

jejuni CJT

Answer 21

heat labile enterotoxin (CJT) stimulates secretory diahhrea like cholera
-headache, fever, tummy pain, bloody and watery diahhrea
-rehydrate to treat
-fastidious (hard to culture so underreported)

Question 22

were is jejuni popular

Answer 22

raw milk