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chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

infectious disease

A

when the microbe is causing tissue damage

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2
Q

microbial antagonism

A

protects the host, prevent overgrowth of microbes

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3
Q

by products of waste in intestine

A

vit b12, riboflavin, thiamine, pryridoxine, butyric acid, propionic acetic acetic acid

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4
Q

amine and skatole

A

bad smell in gut

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5
Q

first organism in respiratory tract

A

streptococci

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6
Q

nasal entrance, vestibule, anterior nasopharynx

A

s aureus

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7
Q

mucous membrane nasopharynx

A

nisseria

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8
Q

tonsils and lower pharynx

A

hemophilus

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9
Q

are there permanant residents in lower respiratory, lung and bronchi

A

no

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10
Q

influenza, plague bacillus and malaria protozoa

A

true pathogens

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11
Q

psuedomonas and candida albicans

A

opportunist pathogens

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12
Q

what determines severity of illness?

A

virulence

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13
Q

ability of the mirobe to cause disease

A

virulence factors
-helps invade and establish in host

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14
Q

is transplacental a portal of entry

A

yes

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15
Q

STORCH

A

Syphillis, toxoplasmosis, other diseases, hep b, aids, chlamydia, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex

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16
Q

what is required for an infectious dose

A

-the minimum number of micorbes for an infection to happen

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17
Q

smaller id?

A

greater virulence
-1 measels virus to infection

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18
Q

no ID

A

no infection

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19
Q

what is glycocalyx, capsid and slime layer and viral spikes

A

form of adhesion

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20
Q

antiphagocytic factors

A

staphylococcus and streptococcus
-leukocidins

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21
Q

slime layer and phagocytosis

A

makes it hard to phagocytose and increases survival
“blocks” it

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22
Q

salmonella and ecoli

A

produce secretion system to insert virulence proteins to host cells

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23
Q

what dissolves extracellular barriers

A

exoenzyme

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24
Q

what produces toxin at site of multiplication

A

toxigenicity

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25
Q

what is released after the cell is damages

A

endotoxin
-made of LPS
-cause endotoxic shock
-shock, general malaise etc

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26
Q

what is made by living bacterial cell

A

exotoxin
-hemolysins, AB
-strep pyogenes, clostristrium botulinum, tenanti and pertusis

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27
Q

what targets specific organs

A

exotoxin
-small protein not LPS

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28
Q

what inhibits cellular protein so it can cause damage

A

A protein from AB toxin
-acts on ribosomes when released from vacuole

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29
Q

which is toxic (endo or exo) in small amounts?

A

exotoxin

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30
Q

can exotoxin be heat denatured

A

yes and stimulate antitoxin

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31
Q

antitoxin

A

antibody reacts with that toxin (exotoxin)

32
Q

where are endotoxin from

A

only gram (-)

33
Q

what is the time until first symptom

A

incubation
-damage not enough to cause sympotoms

34
Q

what stage is non specific complains

A

prodromal

35
Q

when are the most significant symptoms

A

period of invasion
-height of infection

36
Q

starting to get better is which period

A

convalescent

37
Q

what type of infection lets the infection spead to several sites and tissue fluid

A

systemic

38
Q

An infection that breaks loose to other tissue?

A

focal

39
Q

Can infection be local with only toxins in blood?

A

yes in toxemia
ex: diptheria

40
Q

what happens in a mixed infection?

A

many microbes same site
-polymicrobial

41
Q

is the secondary infection by the same microbe?

A

no

42
Q

sign

A

based on fact and evidence, you have the disease (PA)
-septicemia, chest sounds, leukopenis, antibodies in blood etc

43
Q

symptom

A

the pt feels they have the disease (PT)
-headache, chest tight, cramp, itch, chills, pain etc

44
Q

what are the earliest syptoms of diease

A

fever, pain, sore, swelling

45
Q

list signs of inflammation

A

-edema, granulomas, lymphadenitis

46
Q

walled off collection of inflammatory cells and mcirobes?

A

granuloma/ abcess

47
Q

increase WBC

A

leukocytosis

48
Q

when are large numbers of microbes actively multiplying in the blood

A

septicemia

49
Q

not necessarily multiplying

A

bacteremia and viremia

50
Q

when does a person not seek medical attention

A

inapparent infection

51
Q

Gonorrhea, chlamydia, HIV, syphillis HPV and trichomoniases are

A

non symptomatic std

52
Q

what influences the dissemination of infection?

A

how pathogen departs

53
Q

if the host has recovered is the microbe gone?

A

not always
-latency
-chronic carrier
-sequelae

54
Q

after first symotom, in chronic disease where the microbe is active periodically shed during this stage

A

latency

55
Q

post recovery continue to shelter and shed

A

chronic carrier

56
Q

sequelae

A

long term and permanent damage to tissue or organs

57
Q

where is reservoi

A

in natural world
-primary pathogen habitat
-CAN be human

58
Q

source

A

where the infection comes from

59
Q

2 types of living reservoirs

A

carrier and passive carrier

60
Q

carrier

A

Inconspicuously shelters pathogen and spread it
-might or might not experience the disease

61
Q

passive carrier

A

Healthcare provider picks up pathogen transfers it to other patients
-CDIFF
-nosocomoal infection (from hosptial stay)

62
Q

which carrier spreads infection during incubation period

A

incubation carrier

63
Q

what carrier recovers without symptoms?

A

Convalescent

64
Q

what is a live animal that transmits the microbe from one host to another

A

vector (arthopods) can be mammal, lower vert.

65
Q

Biological vector

A

Actively participates in the pathogen lifecycle

66
Q

what vector is not necessary to the lifecycle of a microbe and it’s just for transportation

A

Mechanical vector, not infected

67
Q

when is a disease communicable?

A

an infected host transmits to another host and establishes infection in them

68
Q

Highly communicable means what

A

contagious

69
Q

how can someone acquire a non-communicable disease?

A

-their own microbiotia
-contact with non living reservoir
-fungal infection

70
Q

aeresole droplets are what type of contact?

A

directs

71
Q

indirect contact

A

from host to intermediate conveyer to another host
-vehicle (not alive) or vector
-can be droplet nuclei or aerosols suspended in air for long time

72
Q

droplet nuclei

A

dry airborne secretions (tb and flu)

73
Q

aerosols can be

A

airborne animal waste or in soil

74
Q

noscomial infections are mostly caused by

A

opportunistic, surgery, drug resistant pathogen
-microbe has to be present, pt immunocompromised and staff transmits it

75
Q
A

micro (23 decks)

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