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chapter 15 Flashcards

1
Q

mhc 2 is only on

A

some wbc

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2
Q

why do t cell receptors have unique mhc

A

stochastic process

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3
Q

function of MHC1

A

to make sure all the cells are health
-show your proteins to T cells by putting them on receptors on cell surface
-infection or cancer would change your protein and T would act

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4
Q

what is clonal selection

A

antigen enters, finds the clone that fits it and then that clone proliferates for an immune response

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5
Q

how are lymphocytes made?

A

instructions in your genetic material, make billion of copies, self binding removed through MU and then clone waits to be used

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6
Q

what IS IG made of

A

glycoprotein

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7
Q

which genes are selected to be active in the mature cell?

A

V and D

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8
Q

what is the t cell receptor for atigen?

A

one arm of the imunoglobulin/ 2 parallel polypeptide chains

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9
Q

where do b cells home to

A

spleen, lymph nodes and galt

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10
Q

what doesnt have MHC2?

A

t cell

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11
Q

what is an antigen that induces an immune response

A

immunogen

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12
Q

what small molecule interacts with antigen binding site?

A

epitope

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13
Q

what is an example of allo antigen

A

blood type
-a antigen that is distinct per person (A, B O etc)
-makes blood transfusions incompatible

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14
Q

illnesses that promote superantigen response

A

rhumatic fever, scarlet fever, toxic ss

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15
Q

what is an autoantigen

A

a substance made by the body that normally has no immune response but triggers an immune response when you mistake it for bacteria and attack yourself (strep)

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16
Q

where are antigen presenting cells, and where do they encounter antigens

A

lymphatic tissue

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17
Q

t cell activation

A

-mhc2 on apc surface
-present to t helper cell
-active t release IL 1
-mhc 2 antigen on APC binds to T receptor then CD4 hooks to mhc 2

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18
Q

what causes the self recognition during t helper cell activation

A

the cd4 hooking into position

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19
Q

b cell activation

A

-binds and phagocytoses bacteria
-presents it on it’s mhc 2 molecule to present to T helper witht he correct receptor
-without the helper presentation the B cell can not activate
-mhc2 bind to t cell receptor and cd4
-t cell makes interleukin and b cell activation (GF)
-b cell proliferates
-makes memory and plasma B
-first make IgM

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20
Q

what does Fc bind to

A

molecule and cells of immune system

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21
Q

opsonization

A

coating micro oragnism with specific antibodies to be recognizable
-more phagocytosis

22
Q

neutralization

A

antibody takes up the active site on the surface receptors to prevent attach to host cells

23
Q

what is in some parts fo the FC

A

regions for fixing complement
-the Fc binding may release cytokines

24
Q

monomers

A

igG, igA, igM

25
Q

where is igA a dimer

A

in mucous and serous secretions
-identicle to Fc

26
Q

IgD

A

receptor for antigen on B cell

27
Q

IgM makes?

A

pentomer and hexomer

28
Q

anamnestic response

A

same response but stronger
-naive b make IgM

29
Q

monoclonnal antibody originate from

A

single clone and are specific for single antigen

30
Q

what secrete cytokines

A

t helper

31
Q

most prevalent T cell?

A

T helper/ cd4
-activate macrophage

32
Q

t cells differentiate into?

A

t1 and t2

33
Q

cytotoxic t cell has which cd

A

8
-cytotoxic
-destroy abnormal cells with perforins and granzymes that lyse cell

34
Q

are natural killer specific

A

NO

35
Q

where do nk circulate

A

spleen, lung, blood

36
Q

what is superantigen

A

virulence factor
-overwhelming response
-saureus and epstein barr

37
Q

what does superantigen cause?

A

toxic shock syndrome, blood vessel damage, organ damage, tnf release

38
Q

treatment of choice for measels

A

passive immunity
-remove ig from blood
-lasts 2-3 months, can come from animals like horse

39
Q

exposing someone to antigenic NOT pathogenic material

A

artifical active immunity to get primary and secondary response

40
Q

where do we antigenic molecules

A

bacterial cells/ virus

41
Q

kill or inactive will?

A

require larger dose

42
Q

wht eliminates virulence factors

A

live attenuate cells/ viruses

43
Q

antigenic determinant

A

capsule, surface protein (anthrax hep B), exotoxin

44
Q

explain genetically engineered vaccine

A

insert genes for antigen into plasmid vector and clone them in a host ‘
-hep
-TROJAN HORSE in live carrier
-aids herpes, simplex lep, tb

45
Q

what rna pol does rna vax use

A

t7 rna pol

46
Q

vector vaccine

A

insert gene for spike into modifieed adenovirus that will enter cell, viral dna enters nucleus and makes spike mrna translates to protein and processed through MHC1

47
Q

vector vaccine spike

A

mhc1

48
Q

vector vaccine response

A

humoral and cell mediated

49
Q

r=0

A

average number an infected person transmits to

50
Q

rt

A

measure to suppress immunity

micro (23 decks)

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