Chapter 4 Flashcards
Genus bacillus
-gram positive
Bacillus anthrasis
-anthrax
-forms endospores
-gram positive
-motile rods
-degrade complex molecules (saprobic)
-facultative anaerobe
-forms spores all the time except in living tissue
-zoonotic disease
-has virulent factors: polypeptide capsule and exotoxins (protective antigen, edema factor, lethal factor)
Types of anthrax
Cutaneous (least deadly spores enter skin and infection is at the sore only), pulmonar (more dangerous, inhales spores and they germinate in the lungs and produce toxins that can spread systemically), gastrointestinal (ingested and they germinate and toxins spread through blood stream, dangerous)
Anthrax is found where?
Everywhere, in soil etc…
-not very common more so for farmers bc animals can get it
-gets into an animal, grows in vegitative form in animal, when the animal dies or person, the endospores form because the tissue is dead and those pores will stay viable for millions of years
-soil where animal is buried is contaminated and any other animals feeding of the soil get anthrax and cycle continues
-have to burn anthrax bodies
Is there a vaccine for anthrax
Yes and there is an antibiotic
Mostly for bioterrorism
Genus clostridium
-gram positive rod
-all are anaerobic (catalase negative that breaks down peroxide)
-will not grow in presence of oxy
-120 species and most live is soil that are harmless they just decay things (saprobes)
-commensals of humans (live in gut)
-oval or spherical spores only under anaerobic conditions (when it grows)
-two types of infections: wound infection or food poisoning
Clostridium tentani
-popular in elderly or iv drug abusers
-needle is an opportunity for entry
-causes tetanus/ lockjaw
Pathology of tetanus
-spores grow in environment
-body is normally not good for anaerobic bc we have oxy
-any would or opening in body that have temporary disruption of oxygen to body tissue
-less oxy in body tissue creates the anaerobic conditions for tetanus
-infection with aerobic microbe can also kill enough tissue to create the anaerobic environment
Tetanospasm
-the toxin produced by tetanus bacteria in anaerobic bacteria
-AB toxins
-neurotoxin that causes paralysis by binding to motor nerve endings and blocking release of nt that are supposed to stop contracting
-rigid paralysis and can cause death when respiratory muscles are affected
AB toxins
A and B component
A=active part
B= Part
B gets the toxic to destination and a does the damage (missile)
Neonatal tetanus
-underdeveloped gut biome
-susceptible to spores
Tetanus treatment
-want to disrupt toxin so use antitoxin (antibody that binds to toxin)
-antitoxin binds to toxin in blood stream but won’t reach what’s in cns
-want to deter toxemia
-control with antibiotics (penicillin, tetracycline)
-vaccine, muscle relaxers, tracheostomy
Vaccine
Makes body produce the antitoxin (antibodies)
Clostridium difficile
-causes hospital aquired diarrhea (cdiff)
-resistant to antibiotics
-causes antibiotic associated colitis
-spores ingested and when they get to colon (anaerobic), can be treated unless it’s resistant ex: antibiotics for strep will kill bacteria all over body but if it kills good bacteria in gut cdiff can overgrow in gut and make enterotoxins (enteric system toxins)
-normally in gut in low numbers
-spores are hard to get rid of easily transmitted
-mild cases respond to electrolyte replacement and stopping antibiotics
-severe treat with vancomycin and metronidazole
-fecal transplant
Fmt
-fecal Micro biota transplant
-poop donor
-poop blended and given
