Chapter 10 pt 1 Flashcards
triclosan
active ingredient in antimicrobials
-causes antibiotic tolerance
during what photosynthesis is co2 consumed?
light independant
What are the target microorganism that cause infection and spoilage?
-vegetative cells and endospores
-fungal hyphae and spores and yeast
-protozoan trophosoites and cysts
-worms
-viruses
-prions
trophozoite
a growing stage in the life cycle of some sporozoan parasites, when they are absorbing nutrients from the host
disinfection
removal of vegetative pathogens but not bacterial endospores
-inanimate objects
sterilization
destruction/ removal of all viable microorganisms
-inanimate objects
antisepsis
chemicals applies to body surfaces to destroy or inhibit vegetative pathogens
highest resistance
-prions (already misfolded) and bacterial endospores
-burn bc you have to break the peptides
moderate resistance
-pseudomonas sp
-mycobacterium tuberculosis
-staphylococcus aureus
-protozoan cysts
least resistant
bacterial vegetative cells, fungal spores and hyphae, yeast, enveloped viruses, protozoan trophozoites
sanitization
cleansing that mechanically removes microbes from inanimate objects (detergent and scrubbing)
-not designed to kill
degermation
reduces the number of microbes through mechanical means from the body
-scrubbing
-hand washing to life oils that hold microbes
can you detect microbe death
extremely difficult bc they dont rlly show signs of life to begin with
microbial death
permanent loss of reproductive capabiltiy even under optimum growth conditions
microbicidal agents
causes death of microbem
microbistatic agent
prevents microbe from growing but does not kill it
factors affecting death rate
-number of microbes to start with
-nature of microbes (form endospores etc)
-temperature + ph of environment
-concentration or dosage of agent (lab)
-mode of action of agent
-presence of organic matter, solvents, inhibitors etc
do microbes die instantly?
no you have to let disinfectant sit
what happens if microbistatic agent is removed?
cells can still grow
what alters the method we will use?
will the item be resused, can it be exposed to heat or pressure etc, is it a suitable method (we dont bathe in bleach), will it penetrate (UV) , cost and labor safe?
cellular targets
-cell wall (make it fragie for lysis)
-cell membrane
-protein and nucleic acid synthesis (cant replicate or do anything)
-proteins (denatures)
detergent and alcohol target what?
cell wall
detergent and surfactants target
cell membrane
UV radiation, formaldehyde, chlroamphenicol target
protein and nucleic acid synthesis
alcohols, phenols, acids and heat target
proteins
surfactant molecules
-detergent and soap
-hydrophobic tail and hydrophilic head
-break up oil
what does a heavy metal do to native state
blocks active site protein
heat and ph change causes
change shape so it functions less or completely denatures protein
