Chapter 10 pt 1

Question 1

triclosan

Answer 1

active ingredient in antimicrobials
-causes antibiotic tolerance

Question 2

during what photosynthesis is co2 consumed?

Answer 2

light independant

Question 3

What are the target microorganism that cause infection and spoilage?

Answer 3

-vegetative cells and endospores
-fungal hyphae and spores and yeast
-protozoan trophosoites and cysts
-worms
-viruses
-prions

Question 4

trophozoite

Answer 4

a growing stage in the life cycle of some sporozoan parasites, when they are absorbing nutrients from the host

Question 5

disinfection

Answer 5

removal of vegetative pathogens but not bacterial endospores
-inanimate objects

Question 6

sterilization

Answer 6

destruction/ removal of all viable microorganisms
-inanimate objects

Question 7

antisepsis

Answer 7

chemicals applies to body surfaces to destroy or inhibit vegetative pathogens

Question 8

highest resistance

Answer 8

-prions (already misfolded) and bacterial endospores
-burn bc you have to break the peptides

Question 9

moderate resistance

Answer 9

-pseudomonas sp
-mycobacterium tuberculosis
-staphylococcus aureus
-protozoan cysts

Question 10

least resistant

Answer 10

bacterial vegetative cells, fungal spores and hyphae, yeast, enveloped viruses, protozoan trophozoites

Question 11

sanitization

Answer 11

cleansing that mechanically removes microbes from inanimate objects (detergent and scrubbing)
-not designed to kill

Question 12

degermation

Answer 12

reduces the number of microbes through mechanical means from the body
-scrubbing
-hand washing to life oils that hold microbes

Question 13

can you detect microbe death

Answer 13

extremely difficult bc they dont rlly show signs of life to begin with

Question 14

microbial death

Answer 14

permanent loss of reproductive capabiltiy even under optimum growth conditions

Question 15

microbicidal agents

Answer 15

causes death of microbem

Question 16

microbistatic agent

Answer 16

prevents microbe from growing but does not kill it

Question 17

factors affecting death rate

Answer 17

-number of microbes to start with
-nature of microbes (form endospores etc)
-temperature + ph of environment
-concentration or dosage of agent (lab)
-mode of action of agent
-presence of organic matter, solvents, inhibitors etc

Question 18

do microbes die instantly?

Answer 18

no you have to let disinfectant sit

Question 19

what happens if microbistatic agent is removed?

Answer 19

cells can still grow

Question 20

what alters the method we will use?

Answer 20

will the item be resused, can it be exposed to heat or pressure etc, is it a suitable method (we dont bathe in bleach), will it penetrate (UV) , cost and labor safe?

Question 21

cellular targets

Answer 21

-cell wall (make it fragie for lysis)
-cell membrane
-protein and nucleic acid synthesis (cant replicate or do anything)
-proteins (denatures)

Question 22

detergent and alcohol target what?

Answer 22

cell wall

Question 23

detergent and surfactants target

Answer 23

cell membrane

Question 24

UV radiation, formaldehyde, chlroamphenicol target

Answer 24

protein and nucleic acid synthesis

Question 25

alcohols, phenols, acids and heat target

Answer 25

proteins

Question 26

surfactant molecules

Answer 26

-detergent and soap
-hydrophobic tail and hydrophilic head
-break up oil

Question 27

what does a heavy metal do to native state

Answer 27

blocks active site protein

Question 28

heat and ph change causes

Answer 28

change shape so it functions less or completely denatures protein