chapter 1

Question 1

6 types of microbes

Answer 1

-bacteria
-fungi
-algae
-virus
-protozoa
-helminths

Question 2

prokaryote

Answer 2

-2 domains, some pathogens
-no membrane organelles
-no nucleus
-open concept house

Question 3

eukaryote

Answer 3

-protists (kingdom)
-algae (photo synth, aquatic, science of phycology)
-protozoa (single cell, may be pathogenic, science is protozoology)
-fungi (decomposers, single or multicellular, mycology)
-helminths (worms)
-UNICELLULAR OR MULTICELLULAR
-ENCAPSULATES DNA

Question 4

anthropods

Answer 4

not microbe
-cause and transmit disease

Question 5

virsus

Answer 5

-acellular
-intracellular growth
-relatives: viroids, prions (infectious misfolded proteins that misfold other proteins)
-replicate in a host cell

Question 6

virus structure

Answer 6

-capsid
-nucleic acid
-PROTEINS

Question 7

endosymbiotic theory

Answer 7

-microbes form symbiotic relationship and that created eukaryotes

Question 8

photosynth

Answer 8

light fueles conversion of co2 to organic material/ simple sugars which are the basis of the food web

Question 9

bioremediation

Answer 9

living organisms to remedy environmental problem ex: oil spills

Question 10

pathogen

Answer 10

microbe that harms

Question 11

spontaneous generation

Answer 11

-life comes from nothing like sins or bad smells

Question 12

pasteur

Answer 12

theory of biogenesis (living things come from other living things)
-found cause of fermentation and spoilage
-pasturization
-example of germ theory of disease

Question 13

pasteur experiment

Answer 13

use sterile liquid with broken neck flask
-microbes grew when the flask was contaminated by air and not when it was closed

Question 14

disproves spontaneous generation

Answer 14

-pastuer
-leeuwenhoek (observed sperm with microscope) (crude microscope)

Question 15

tyndall and cohn

Answer 15

heat resistant microbes
-endospores

Question 16

sterility

Answer 16

-eliminate all forms of life including virus and endospores

Question 17

germ theory

Answer 17

disease are caused by microbe growth
-pasteur and koch

Question 18

koch’s postulates

Answer 18

experimental steps that verified the germ theory
-found cause of anthrax, tb, cholera
-develop pure culture methods

Question 19

four postulates

Answer 19

-microbe must be found in abundance in a diseased organism
-microorganism has to be isolated form the diseased and grown in a culture
-cultures microbe shouls cause disease in helathy orgnaism
-microbe reisolated from the inoculated, sick host and identified as identical to original agent

Question 20

taxonomy

Answer 20

-organize, classify and name living things

Question 21

classification levels

Answer 21

-domain
-kingdom
-phylum/ division
-class
-order
-family
-genus
-species

Question 21

domain

Answer 21

-archaea, bacteria, eukarya

Question 22

microbe 2 names

Answer 22

-genus (capitalized)
-species (lowercase)
-get italicized or underlined

Question 22

phylogency

Answer 22

-natural relatedness between groups of organisms

Question 23

evolution

Answer 23

-all new species orginate from preexisting species
-progresses towards greater complexity