Chapter 9 pt 1

Question 1

what does the genome do

Answer 1

determine where the organism will live, what it can do, antibiotic resistance and pathogenesis etc

Question 2

mitochondria DNA

Answer 2

circular chromosome

Question 3

genome of cell

Answer 3

DNA

Question 4

genome

Answer 4

sum total of genetic material of a cell (chromosomes +mitochondria/chloroplasts and or plasmids)

Question 5

genome of virus

Answer 5

DNA or RNA

Question 6

DNA complexed with protein

Answer 6

chromosomes

Question 7

fundamental unit of heredity

Answer 7

gene

Question 8

three types of genes

Answer 8

structural genes (code for proteins), genes that code for RNA, genes that control gene expression (regulatory genes)

Question 9

smallest virus

Answer 9

4 to 5 genes

Question 10

ecoli chromosome

Answer 10

4,288 genes
-1mm
-1,000 x longer than cell

Question 11

human cell

Answer 11

46 chromosomes
-31,000 genes
-6ft long
-180,000 x longer than cell

Question 12

what wraps around chromosome

Answer 12

naked DNA

Question 13

basic unit of DNA

Answer 13

nucleotide

Question 14

nucleotide parts

Answer 14

-5c deoxyribose
-phosphate group
-nitrogenous base (AGCT)

Question 15

how does the nucleotide bond to make sugar phosphate backbone?

Answer 15

covalent bond
-each sugar= 2 phosphates (5 carbon and 3 carbon)

Question 16

a and t

Answer 16

2 h bonds

Question 17

g and c

Answer 17

3 h bonds

Question 18

replication occurs?

Answer 18

on both strands simultaneously

Question 19

what ensures fidelity of replication?

Answer 19

semiconservative replication process

Question 20

primase

Answer 20

starts process

Question 21

where does replication begin?

Answer 21

at the origin of replication

Question 22

where is rna primer synthesized

Answer 22

at the origin of replication by primase

Question 23

DNA pol 3

Answer 23

add nucleotides in 5 to 3 direction

Question 24

DNA pol 1

Answer 24

removes RNA priumers and replaces them with DNA

Question 25

topoisomerase

Answer 25

prevents supercoiling

Question 26

is ribosomal RNA shorter than mRNA and tRNA

Answer 26

NO

Question 27

how many enzymes does replication require

Answer 27

30

Question 28

what happens when the fork meets?

Question 29

what do bacteria have to replicate faster?

Answer 29

two forks
-copy genome in half the time

Question 30

gyrase

Answer 30

a type of topoisomerase to prevent supercoiling

Question 31

how is information that is stored in DNA expressed

Answer 31

it is conveyed to RNA through transcription then translation for proteins

Question 32

5 c

Answer 32

ribose in rna

Question 33

is rna ss or ds

Answer 33

ss

Question 34

mrna

Answer 34

sequence of amino acids in proteins
-carries mastercode to ribosome
-in codons
-NOT the final product on genbe expression

Question 35

trna

Answer 35

bring amino acids to ribosome during translation
-exposes the anticodon that will complement complement mRNA

Question 36

rRNA

Answer 36

ribosomal
-forms the major part of a ribosome and where protein synthesis happens

Question 37

primer

Answer 37

an rna that primes dna for replication

Question 38

where is tRNA

Answer 38

in the large ribosomal subunit

Question 39

initiation of transcription

Answer 39

promoter binding

Question 40

termination

Answer 40

release of transcript

Question 41

what happens at the ribosome

Answer 41

all of the elements needed for protein synthesis are brought together

Question 42

5 stages of protein synth

Answer 42

1. initiation
2. elongation
3. termination (stop codon)
4. protein folding
5. post translational processing

Question 43

every cell has

Answer 43

different ways to get over initiation
-this allow us to have different antibiotics
-target different things??

Question 44

what happens if protein folding goes wrong

Answer 44

protein cant function properlyh

Question 45

how many aa combinations

Answer 45

64