Chapter 9 Part 1

Question 1

Basic components of fins/limbs

Answer 1

Only paired fins=pectoral/pelvic fins
Braced by girdles inside body wall

Question 2

Chiridium-

Answer 2

limb

Question 3

Manus-

Answer 3

distal portion of forelimbs

Question 4

Pes-

Answer 4

distal hindlimbs

Question 5

Glenoid fossa-

Answer 5

socket for upper limb

Question 6

Acetabulum-

Answer 6

socket for lower limb

Question 7

Early fishes become more active-needed more stable body…

Answer 7

plan, fins stableize, girdles serve as muscle attachments

Question 8

Manus and Pes-earliest tetrapods were

Answer 8

plolydactylous

Question 9

Most tetrapods today have

Answer 9

5 digits, basic organization

Question 10

Why venture into land?

Answer 10

Keep fish IN water
Escape predation in water
Find food

Question 11

Onto land: fins musculature could not bear…

Answer 11

body weight on land, used as pivot points

Question 12

Onto land: Some used swimming anatomy to make short

Answer 12

trips across land

Question 13

Different modes of terrestrial locomotion placed different

Answer 13

mechanical demands on appendicular skeleton

Question 14

Limbs underwent extensive morphological

Answer 14

changes

Question 15

(6) Modes of locomtion:

Answer 15

Swimming, Cursorial-running, Fossorial-burrowing, Saltatorial-hopping, Aerial-flying, Arboreal-tree dwelling

Question 16

Swimming may alter shape of limbs while in

Answer 16

water (Sea Lions)

Question 17

Aquatic birds use wings (which have stouter bones)

Answer 17

Webbed feet

Question 18

Gait-

Answer 18

pattern of footfalls

Question 19

Duty factor-

Answer 19

perct. of cycle foot in contact w/substrate

Question 20

suspension plate-

Answer 20

all feet out of contact w/substrate

Question 21

Factors in gait:

Answer 21

stability/economy of effort