Chapter 7 Part 2

Question 1

Crocs: Both temporal bars are

Answer 1

present

Question 2

Crocs: skull is firm w/o any evidence of

Answer 2

cranial kinesis

Question 3

Crocs: Have secon. palate-separates nasal passageway from mouth; allows

Answer 3

breathing when mouth is full of water or food

Question 4

Birds: skull is

Answer 4

prokinetic

Question 5

Birds: Pterygo-palatine joint slides along orbital septum-pushes against

Answer 5

base of beak/raises it; slider crank mechanism

Question 6

Some birds probe for grubs w/beaks-use rhynchokinesis- lifting beak tip about points of

Answer 6

rotation within jaws

Question 7

Synapsids: develp. of

Answer 7

zygomatic arch (cheek bone)

Question 8

Synapsids: enlargement of temp. opening because incr.

Answer 8

mass and specialization of jaw masculature

Question 9

Mastication-shift of jaw masculature to

Answer 9

front of dentary; precise tooth alignment

Question 10

Changes in food preparation before

Answer 10

swallowing

Question 11

Therapsids to Mammals: lower jaw changes that influenced skull design-

Answer 11

loss of postdentary bones

Question 12

Ther. to Mamm.: Insertion of jaw-closing muscles-

Answer 12

presence of 3 middle ear bones

Question 13

Ther. to Mamm: hyomandibula transitioned into

Answer 13

stapes

Question 14

In mamm. articular/quadrate bones transition into

Answer 14

malleus and incus bones repectively

Question 15

Changes in food preparation before

Answer 15

swallowing

Question 16

Mammals chew their food-shift of

Answer 16

jaw musculature to front of dentary

Question 17

Precise tooth

Answer 17

alignment