Chapter 7 Part 1

Question 1

Chondrocranium-

Answer 1

formed of endochondral bone/cartilage
supports brain

Question 2

Dermatocranium-

Answer 2

Later verts. , forms outer brain case
composed of dermal bones

Question 3

Types of Jaw Attachments: How mandible is attached to skull-

Answer 3

Hyostylic, Metautostylic, Craniostylic

Question 4

Hyostylic-

Answer 4

some fishes (shark); attached through hyomandibula

Question 5

Metautostylic-

Answer 5

amphibians, reptiles, birds; attached directly through quadrate; hyomandibula becomes part of ear ossicles

Question 6

Craniostylic-

Answer 6

mammals; upper jaw incorporated into braincase; mandible (dentary) suspended

Question 7

Cranial Kinesis-

Answer 7

movement between upper jaw and braincase

Question 8

Kinetic skulls found in

Answer 8

bony fishes, most reptiles, birds

Question 9

Akinetic skulls found in

Answer 9

amphibians, turtles, crocodiles, mammals

Question 10

Cranial kinesis in Reptiles (3 types)

Answer 10

Metakinesis, Mesokinesis, Prokinesis

Question 11

Metakinesis-

Answer 11

hinge across back of skull

Question 12

Mesokinesis-

Answer 12

Hinge behind eye

Question 13

Prokinesis-

Answer 13

hinge in front of eye

Question 14

Lingual Feeding-

Answer 14

“Accelerator” muscle wraps around lingual process of hyoid apparatus (link)

Question 15

Limbs can be designed to produce both

Answer 15

high forces and high speed

Question 16

Partial cleavage: embryo forms thin cap on…

Answer 16

yolk; reptiles, birds, fishes

Question 17

Allantois: unites w/chorion in birds,…

Answer 17

Forming structure used for gas exchange

Question 18

Allantois: In mammals, contributes blood vessels to

Answer 18

developing umbilical cord