Chapter 11 Part 3

Question 1

Birds: parabronchi with

Answer 1

air capillaries

Question 2

Birds: Air sacs act as

Answer 2

bellows

Question 3

Birds: Air sacs: allows for

Answer 3

unidirectional airflow through lungs

Question 4

Birds: Primary bronchi enter posterior air sacs instead of lungs and

Answer 4

branch along the way

Question 5

Patterns of Gas Transfer (three):

Answer 5

Countercurrent, Crosscurrent flow, Uniform pool

Question 6

Respr. syst. must orient blood flow in relation to

Answer 6

ventil.-affects effic. of gas exch.

Question 7

Countercurrent flow animals-

Answer 7

fishes

Question 8

Crosscurrent flow animals-

Answer 8

birds

Question 9

Uniform pool animals-

Answer 9

mammals/most rept.

Question 10

Countercurrent flow-

Answer 10

blood/water flow in opp. directions

Question 11

Crosscurrent flow-

Answer 11

blood/air flow cross each other obliquely

Question 12

Uniform pool-

Answer 12

gas maintained in alveoli near blood capillaries

Question 13

Efficiency=

Answer 13

balanced ventil. rate w/perfusion rate

Question 14

Countercurrent flow-maint. high partial

Answer 14

press. gradients of gases-efficient at O2 extraction

Question 15

Crosscurrent flow- efficient at

Answer 15

O2 extraction

Question 16

Uniform pool- O2 avail. to diffuse is matched to ability of

Answer 16

blood to carry O2 away

Question 17

Optimizing gas exchange:

Answer 17

positioning of gill filaments