Chapter 10 Part 1

Question 1

Gliding-

Answer 1

minimizing drag, utilizing lift

Question 2

Parachuting-

Answer 2

maximizing drag

Question 3

Contour feathers:

Answer 3

streamline body; decr. friction drag, maintains airflow

Question 4

Primaries (flight):attached to manus. Provide…

Answer 4

forward thrust

Question 5

Secondaries (flight): attached to forearm. Provides…

Answer 5

lift

Question 6

Sternum: is expanded. Orgin for…

Answer 6

pectoralis flight muscles

Question 7

Hovering birds/strong fliers-maximize propulsive…

Answer 7

force; emphasizes primaries, manus

Question 8

Soaring birds-maximize…

Answer 8

lift, emphasizes secondaries, forearm

Question 9

birds needing speed-

Answer 9

swept back wings

Question 10

birds needing maneuverability-

Answer 10

elliptical wings

Question 11

Flying in V formation-birds at rear take adv. of

Answer 11

vortices/reduce energy expenditure

Question 12

(5) Muscle Classification:

Answer 12

Red/White
Tonic/Twitch
Somatic/Visceral
Vol/Involuntary
Skeletal/Cardiac/Smooth

Question 13

(4) Muscle Classification (Skeletal muscle):

Answer 13

striated, voluntary,
associated w/bones/cartilage,
multinucleate

Question 14

Myofibrils-

Answer 14

Each muscle cell has long units

Question 15

Sarcomeres-

Answer 15

each myofibril is chain of repeat. units

Question 16

Each sarcomere has 2 kinds of myofilaments-

Answer 16

thick (myosin) and thin (actin)

Question 17

Muscle contraction is achieved through filaments sliding…

Answer 17

past each other/cross bridges being built

Question 18

Belly (gaster)-

Answer 18

fleshy part of muscle organ

Question 19

Tendon-

Answer 19

conn. tissue ext. past ends of musc. fibers that conn. w/bone; help transmit musc. force to distant point

Question 20

Fascia-

Answer 20

sheets of fibrous conn. tissue that wrap/bind parts of muscle bodies

Question 21

Contractile Characteristics:

Answer 21

How rapidly it reaches max tension
How long it sustains tension