Chapter 10 Part 1 Flashcards
Gliding-
minimizing drag, utilizing lift
Parachuting-
maximizing drag
Contour feathers:
streamline body; decr. fracion drag, maintains airflow
Primaries (flight):
attached to manus-provide forward thrust
Secondaries (flight):
attached to forearm-provide lift
Sternum:
expanded; origin for pectoralis flight muscles
Hovering birds/strong fliers-
maximize propulsive force; emphasizes primaries, manus
Soaring birds-
maximize lift, emphasizes secondaries, forearm
birds needing speed-
swept back wings
birds needing maneuverability-
elliptical wings
Flying in V formation-
birds at rear take adv. of vortices/reduce energy expenditure
Muscle Classification:
Red/White
Tonic/Twitch
Somatic/Visceral
Vol/Involuntary
Skeletal/Cardiac/Smooth
Muscle Classification (Skeletal muscle):
striated, voluntary,
associated w/bones/cartilage,
multinucleate
Myofibrils-
Each muscle cell has long units
Sarcomeres-
each myofibril is chain of repeat. units