Chapter 3 Part 1

Question 1

Biomechanics is

Answer 1

body design is important for life activities AND helps with physical forces of environment

Question 2

Motion of the whole organism: Center of gravity-

Answer 2

point where animal is evenly balanced

Question 3

Torques and levers:

Answer 3

Muscles generate forces and skeletal elements apply these forces

Question 4

Fulcrum-

Answer 4

pivot point

Question 5

Lever arm-

Answer 5

distance from weight to fulcrum

Question 6

Fulcrum and lever arm are:

Answer 6

measured perpendicular distance from force to fulcrum

Question 7

The shorter the lever arm…

Answer 7

the more weight needed to keep board in balance

Question 8

Torque-

Answer 8

produced when force acting as distance from fulcrum turns seesaw at point of rotation

Question 9

Short output lever arms favor…

Answer 9

force

Question 10

Long output lever arms favor…

Answer 10

speed

Question 11

Limbs are designed to…

Answer 11

resist gravity

Question 12

Weight of 4 legged animal. Force depends on…

Answer 12

distance of each limb from animal’s center of mass

Question 13

Water and air are “fluids” but with different…

Answer 13

viscosities

Question 14

Drag-

Answer 14

body moves through fluid and fluid is resisting force in opposite direction

Question 15

Friction drag-

Answer 15

skin friction

Question 16

Flow separation-

Answer 16

flow particles part behind body-increase pressure drag

Question 17

Streamlined bodies reduce-

Answer 17

pressure drag