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Microbiology > Chapter 8 - Control of Microbes in Environment > Flashcards

Chapter 8 - Control of Microbes in Environment Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

antimicrobial agent that kills microbes

A

microbiocidal

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1
Q

any physical or chemical agent that either kills microbes or inhibits their growth

A

antimicrobial agent

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2
Q

antimicrobial agent that inhibits the growth of microbes

A

microbiostatic

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3
Q

something that is free of all viable microbes

A

sterile

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4
Q

process of killing and or removing all microbes in a material or object, including any spores

A

sterilization

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5
Q

process of decreasing the number of viable microbes on an inanimate object/ surface to a level that presents minimum possibility of disease transmission or contamination

A

disinfection

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6
Q

disinfection of living tissues

A

antisepsis

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7
Q

reduction of microbial population to levels deemed safe

A

sanitization

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8
Q

inability to reproduce by a microbe

A

death

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9
Q

numerous ways to blank cells

A

kill

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10
Q

population death occurs blank

A

exponentially

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11
Q

measuring an agent’s killing efficiency is the time it takes to kill blank

A

90%

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12
Q

microbes differ markedly in their sensitivity to antimicrobial agents

A

population composition

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13
Q

one most effective way to kill microbes that denatures proteins, nucelic acids, and cell membrane and is physical method

A

heat

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14
Q

most effective form of heat to kill microbes

A

moist

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15
Q

mild heating to kill vegetative microbes, but does not sterilize

A

sub boiling temperatures (pasteurization)

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16
Q

milk at 71 Celsius for 30 seconds then it cools quickly

A

flash pasteurization

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17
Q

liquids at about 66 Celsius for 30 minutes

A

bulk pasteurization

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18
Q

physical method of controlling microbial growth that kills vegetative bacteria, many viruses and fungi, kills some spores but not all, doesn’t sterilize

A

boiling water

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19
Q

physical method of killing microbes that involves heating water under pressure causes it to boil at higher temperatures than normal atmospheric pressures

A

steam under pressure

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20
Q

devices to boil water under pressure

A

autoclaves

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21
Q

autoclaves blank materials

A

sterilize

22
Q

dry heat method that needs higher temps for longer exposure times

A

oven

23
Q

dry heat method that is fire and burns materials that sterilizes like in lab

A

incineration

24
Q

low temperatures do not blank microbes but they blank microbes

A

kill, inhibiti

25
Q

pass liquid or gas through screen like subs with pores small enough to retain microbes, but let gas or liquid pass through

A

filtration

26
Q

filtration is used to blank heat sensitive liquids or gases

A

sterilize

27
Q

porous membranes with defined pore sizes that remove microbes by physical screening

A

membrane filters

28
Q

blank radiation can damage and denature proteins and DNA

A

ionizing

29
Q

ionizing radiation can penetrate blank so it is used to sterilize sealed medical equipment

A

packaging

30
Q

two examples of ionizing radiation

A

gamma, x, electron beams

31
Q

nonionizing radiation is lower in energy so it does not produce ions; it kills vegetative cells but not spores and cannot penetrate packaging

A

uv radiation

32
Q

remove H2O from microbes; drying vegetative cells stops metabolic activity

A

dessication

33
Q

this bacteria is viable for hours or even days even when dried out

A

mycobacteria tuberculosis

34
Q

dry out material with vacuum at same time lowering the temperature below freezing

A

lyophilization (freeze drying)

35
Q

blank environment dessicates microbes

A

hypertonic

36
Q

chemical that sterilizes something

A

sterilant

37
Q

chemical that kills vegetative forms of microbes that can cause disease but not necessarily spores

A

disinfectant

38
Q

an agent that kills 99.99% of all bacteria in a contaminated area

A

sanitizer

39
Q

first disinfectant that had an OH group

A

phenol

40
Q

not a good antimicrobial agent

A

methanol

41
Q

blank alcohol is often used for skin disinfection

A

ethyl

42
Q

skin antiseptic that may kill spores at high concentrations

A

iodine

43
Q

iodine dissolved in ethanol

A

tincture

44
Q

hypochlorous acid formula

A

Cl2 + H2O –> HCl + HClO

45
Q

how hypochlorite is formed

A

HClO –> H+ + ClO-

46
Q

chlorine blank is sporocidal

A

gas

47
Q

hypochlorite is often used in blank

A

swimming pools

48
Q

use blank forms of mercury for disinfection

A

organic

49
Q

algicide in swimming pools

A

copper sulfate

50
Q

fungicides in agriculture are blank

A

zinc sulfate

51
Q

used to be used as antiseptic in newborns eyes

A

silver nitrate

52
Q

blank agents like soap are amphipathic

A

emulsifying

53
Q

highly reactive molecules that are sporicidal and can be used as chemical sterilants… ex ) formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde

A

aldehydes

Microbiology (26 decks)

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