Chapter 2 - Microscopy Preparation and Culturing

Question 0

1 focusing lens

Answer 0

simple

Question 1

use visible light to illuminate specimens, glass lenses to focus; have light pass through specimen

Answer 1

light microscopes

Question 2

2 focusing lenses form image

Answer 2

compound

Question 3

two lenses of compound

Answer 3

objective, ocular

Question 4

the ability to distinguish two close, adjacent objects as separate and distinct

Answer 4

resolution

Question 5

resolution is determine by the blank of light used and the lenses used

Answer 5

wavelength

Question 6

shorter wavelength = blank resolution

Answer 6

greater

Question 7

produces a dark image against a brighter background

Answer 7

bright field microscope

Question 8

these microscopes stay in focus when objective lens is changed

Answer 8

parfocal

Question 9

adding this to slide will increase resolution on the highest power lens

Answer 9

oil

Question 10

produces a bright image of the object against a dark background

Answer 10

dark field microscope

Question 11

dark field microscope is good to observe blank of eukaryotes

Answer 11

internal structures

Question 12

dark field microscope was used to identify Treponema pallidum which causes blank

Answer 12

syphilis

Question 13

converts slight differences in refractive index and cell density into easily detected variations in light intensity

Answer 13

phase contrast microscope

Question 14

phase contrast microscope can be used to study blank organisms

Answer 14

living

Question 15

used to visualize specimens that fluoresce after exposure specimen to uv, violet or blue light

Answer 15

fluorescence microscope

Question 16

some cells fluoresce naturally called blank

Answer 16

autofluorescence

Question 17

creates image by detecting differences in refractive indices and thickness of different parts of specimen

Answer 17

differential interference contrast microscope

Question 18

creates sharp, composite 3d image of specimens by using laser beam, aperture

Answer 18

confocal microscopes

Question 19

drop of liquid with living organisms and unstained

Answer 19

wet mount

Question 20

dye added to wet mount; stains living organisms; may eventually kill microorganism

Answer 20

vital stains

Question 21

staining improves blank which results in a better final image

Answer 21

contrast

Question 22

kills microorganisms, preserves internal and external structures and adheres them to the slide

Answer 22

fixation

Question 23

any distortion in the true morphology of the microorganism due to the technique

Answer 23

artifact

Question 24

artifact that is with the Bunsen burner

Answer 24

heat fixation

Question 25

blank fixation is more expensive, more time consuming, less artifacts, and used with larger, more delicate organisms

Answer 25

chemical

Question 26

stains are blank compounds or salts that have different affinities for specific cellular materials

Answer 26

organic

Question 27

coloring ion in staining

Answer 27

chromophore

Question 28

chromophore cation; binds to cells; most dyes

Answer 28

basic

Question 29

dye that is chromophore anion; repelled by cells; stains background

Answer 29

acidic

Question 30

one dye; few steps; all stained the same

Answer 30

simple

Question 31

2 or more dyes; several steps

Answer 31

differential staining

Question 32

two types of differential stains

Answer 32

gram, acid-fast

Question 33

differential stain is used to detect presence or absence of blank

Answer 33

structures

Question 34

mostly widely used differential staining procedure

Answer 34

gram staining

Question 35

gram staining divides bacteria into these two groups

Answer 35

gram positive, gram negative

Question 36

acid fast staining is useful for staining member of the genus blank

Answer 36

Mycobacterium

Question 37

Mycobacterium have a high blank content in cell walls

Answer 37

lipid

Question 38

heated, double staining technique where bacterial endospore is one color and vegetative cell is a different color

Answer 38

endospore staining

Question 39

capsules may be colorless against a stained background in this stain

Answer 39

negative stain

Question 40

uses electrons instead of light as the illuminating beam

Answer 40

electron microscopy

Question 41

electron beam makes blank

Answer 41

illumination

Question 42

magnets act as blank in electron microscopy

Answer 42

lenses

Question 43

beam of electrons pass through specimen and electromagnets function as lenses in this

Answer 43

transmission electron microscope

Question 44

heavy metals do not penetrate the specimen but render dark background used for study of viruses and bacteria

Answer 44

negative staining

Question 45

blank are used for staining in electron microscopes

Answer 45

metals

Question 46

rapid freezing technique provides way to preserve native state of structures examined in vacuum

Answer 46

electron cryotomography

Question 47

scanning tunneling microscope that can magnify blank million times and view blank

Answer 47

100, atoms, scanning probe microscopy

Question 48

to grow microorganisms; the liquid or solid substance containing growing microorganisms

Answer 48

culture

Question 49

the nutrient material used to culture microbes

Answer 49

medium

Question 50

2 or more species grown together

Answer 50

mixed culture

Question 51

only 1 species being grown

Answer 51

pure culture

Question 52

free of all viable microbes

Answer 52

sterile

Question 53

adding microorganisms to culture media

Answer 53

inoculation

Question 54

any unwanted microbe in the medium

Answer 54

contaminant

Question 55

anything done to minimize contamination

Answer 55

asceptic techniques