Chapter 35 - Infectious Disease Flashcards
any parasitic organism that causes infectious disease
pathogen
growth of any microbe within or on a host
infection (colonization
pathogen that causes disease associated with it in most people if transmitted in sufficient dose
obligate pathogen
pathogen that may be part of normal flora and has gained access to other tissues or host
opportunistic pathogen
disease that is ultimately due to the presence of a pathogenic microbe or its products or a body response
infectious disease
trait that is the ability of a parasite to inflict damage on the host
pathogenicity
degree of pathogenicity
virulence
cause of a disease
etiology
mechanism of the disease and how it progresses
pathogenesis
changes caused in the body’s tissues and organs
pathology
objective changes in body that can be directly observed
signs
subjective changes experienced by patient
symptoms
there are blank steps of pathogenesis
seven
first step of pathogenesis that is the location from which pathogen is transmitted to host
reservoir
two examples of reservoirs
soil, water, humans, animals
second step of pathogenesis that is the moving of pathogen to hose
pathogen transmission
blank transmission comes from the reservoir
direct
blank transmission is reservoir to something else then to host
indirect
two modes of transmission
inhalation, contact with skin, vehicle like food/water, vector
this means the pathogen must make contact with appropriate host tissue
tropism
step in pathogenesis mediated by special receptor molecules or structures called adhesins
adherence
ability of organism to spread from portal of entry to adjacent or other tissues in order to replicate and is the ability to move around
invasiveness
presence of viable bacteria in blood
bacteremia
bacteria, other pathogens, or toxins in blood
sepemia
most microbes are blank before they cause disease in body
eliminated
ability to produce toxins
toxigenicity
diseases whose signs and symptoms are mainly due to a specific toxin
intoxications
specific substance that damages host
toxin
soluble heat labile proteins that are usually released into the surroundings as bacterial pathogen grows
exotoxins
exotoxins are one of the most blank substances known
lethal
exotoxin subunit that is responsible for toxic
a
exotoxin subunit that binds to specific target
b
LPS in gram negative cell wall can be toxic to some hosts and this is called blank
endotoxin
endotoxins are released by the organism when
when they die
secondary metabolites of fungi that often contaminate food
mycotoxins
pathogen leaves host via blank of exit
portal
