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Microbiology > Chapter 10 - Introduction to Metabolism > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - Introduction to Metabolism Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

biosynthesis

A

anabolism

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1
Q

biodegradation

A

catabolism

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2
Q

catabolism and anabolism are two parts of blank

A

metabolism

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3
Q

the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones with enzymes

A

catabolism

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4
Q

catabolism releases energy so they are blank

A

exergonic

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5
Q

synthesis of a larger molecule from a smaller one

A

anabolism

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6
Q

anabolism is blank because it takes energy to create a bond but is not blank

A

endergonic, endothermic

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7
Q

microbial cells do these three types of work

A

transport, chemical, mechanical

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8
Q

a science that analyzes energy changes in a collection of matter called a system

A

thermodynamics

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9
Q

second law of thermodynamics involves the increase of blank

A

entropy

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10
Q

amount of heat energy needed to raise 1 gram of water from 14.5 degrees Celsius to 15.5

A

Calorie (cal)

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11
Q

1 cal of heat is equal to blank Joules of heat

A

4.18

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12
Q

exergonic reaction involves chemical reactions with a negative G value that blanks free energy

A

releases

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13
Q

chemical reactions with a positive G because it requires an energy input

A

endergonic

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14
Q

many metabolic processes involve blank reactions

A

oxidatiion reduction

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15
Q

tendency of a compound to donate electrons or to gain electrons

A

reduction potential

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16
Q

more negative E is a better electron blank

A

donor

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17
Q

more positive E means a better electron blank

A

acceptor

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18
Q

this represents the range of possible reduction potentials for redox couples in nature

A

redox towers

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19
Q

electron transport chain is in the blank of the mitochondria

A

inner membrane

20
Q

electron carrier that is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

A

NAD

21
Q

electron carrier that is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

A

NADP

22
Q

redox reactions usually involve reactions between intermediate blank

A

carriers

23
Q

coenzyme is a blank molecule but not the blank

A

organic, protein

24
Q

ion that works like a coenzyme

A

cofactor

25
Q

ions have less energy than the blank form

A

reduced

26
Q

electron carrier that uses iron to transfer electrons

A

cytochromes

27
Q

iron is part of the blank group

A

heme

28
Q

reacting molecules in enzymes

A

substrate

29
Q

substance formed by enzyme reaction

A

product

30
Q

protein component of an enzyme

A

apoenzyme

31
Q

ion needed by enzyme

A

cofactor

32
Q

firmly attached nonprotein component of an enzyme

A

prosthetic group

33
Q

loosely attached nonprotein component of enzyme

A

cofactor

34
Q

sum of parts of enzyme

A

holoenzyme

35
Q

energy required to form transition state complex

A

activation energy

36
Q

enzyme lowers blank

A

activation energy

37
Q

directly competes with binding of substrate to active site

A

competetive inhibitor

38
Q

binds enzyme at site other than active site and changes its shape

A

noncompetitive inhibitor

39
Q

RNA molecules that are catalytic and self splice and involved in self replication

A

ribozymes

40
Q

differential distribution of enzymes and metabolites among separate cell structures or organelles

A

compartmentation

41
Q

compartmentation can generate marked variations in blank concentrations

A

metabolite

42
Q

most regulatory enzymes are these and acivity is altered by small molecule

A

allosteric regulation

43
Q

these bind at regulatory site and change shape of enzyme and alters activity of catalytic site and can be positive or negative

A

allosteric effector

44
Q

positive effector blank enzyme activity

A

increases

45
Q

negative effector blank the enzyme

A

inhibitis

46
Q

reversible on and off switch modification of enzymes

A

covalent

47
Q

also called end product inhibition where enzyme is inhibited in the pathway and is like a pacemaker

A

feedback inhibition

48
Q

different enzymes that catalyze same reaction

A

isoenzymes

Microbiology (26 decks)

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