Chapter 8

Question 1

Totality of an organism’s chemical reactions

Answer 1

Metabolism

Question 2

Reactions that release energy and break down molecules

Answer 2

Catabolic

Question 3

Reactions that consume energy and build up larger molecules

Answer 3

Anabolic

Question 4

What type of reaction is photosynthesis? Cellular respiration?

Answer 4

Anabolic, catabolic

Question 5

What reaction requires enzymes to catalyze reactions?

Answer 5

Anabolic

Question 6

Energy that is exerted

Answer 6

Kinetic

Question 7

Stored energy in a position

Answer 7

Potential

Question 8

Occurs without an input of energy

Answer 8

Spontaneous

Question 9

Portion of a system’s energy that can perform work when the temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system.

Answer 9

Free energy

Question 10

Net release of free energy

Answer 10

Exergonic

Question 11

For an exergonic reaction, is ΔG positive or negative?

Answer 11

Negative

Question 12

Absorbs free energy

Answer 12

Endergonic

Question 13

What is the sign for free energy?

Answer 13

ΔG

Question 14

What are the 3 main kinds of work a cell does?

Answer 14

Chemical, transport, mechanical

Question 15

What makes up ATP?

Answer 15

Sugar ribose, adenine, phosphate groups

Question 16

Use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one

Answer 16

Energy coupling

Question 17

Energy required to contort the reactant molecules so the bonds can break

Answer 17

Activation energy

Question 18

Serves as a catalyst in a reaction

Answer 18

Enzyme

Question 19

Reactant on which an enzyme works

Answer 19

Substrate

Question 20

Region of an enzyme that binds the substrate and forms the pocket where catalysis occurs

Answer 20

Active site

Question 21

Change in shape of the active site of an enzyme so that it binds more snugly into the substrate

Answer 21

Induced fit

Question 22

Explain how protein structure is involved in enzyme specificity

Answer 22

Must have the right shape of its active site and substrate

Question 23

What are some factors that could affect the rate of enzyme action?

Answer 23

Initial concentration of substrate, pH, temperature

Question 24

Inorganic helpers for catalytic activity

Answer 24

Cofactor

Question 25

Organic helper for catalytic activity

Answer 25

Coenzyme

Question 26

Reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate

Answer 26

Competitive inhibitor

Question 27

Reduces the activity by binding to a location other than the active site, changing the shape so the active site doesn’t catalyze the conversion of substrate to product

Answer 27

Noncompetitive inhibitor

Question 28

A protein’s function at one site is affected by the binding of a regulatory molecule to a separate site

Answer 28

Allosteric regulation

Question 29

What’s the difference between an allosteric activator and inhibitor?

Answer 29

Activator stabilizes the active form while the inhibitor stabilizes the inactive form

Question 30

Measurement of the amount of disorder in the molecules that make up the system

Answer 30

Entropy

Question 31

States that a process will be spontaneous when it results in an increase of total entropy in the universe

Answer 31

Second law of thermodynamics

Question 32

Total heat content of a system

Answer 32

Enthalpy

Question 33

Energy cannot be created nor destroyed

Answer 33

1st law of thermodynamics

Question 34

How does an enzyme act as a catalyst?

Answer 34

Lowers the activation energy of a chemical reaction