Chapter 7 Flashcards
Having a region that is hydrophobic and hydrophilic
Amphipathic
What happens to membrane fluidity when the temperature decreases?
Remains as a fluid until phospholipids settle in a tightly packed arrangement
What happens to membrane fluidity when it has unsaturated hydrocarbon chains?
More fluidity since they cannot pack tightly together
What happens to membrane fluidity when there is cholesterol?
Lowers the temperature required for the membrane to solidify
Penetrate the hydrophobic interior of the lipid bilayer
Integral protein
Appendages loosely bound to the surface of the membrane
Peripheral protein
Carbohydrate binds to lipid
Glycolipid
Carbohydrate binds to protein
Glycoprotein
Has a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions use to tunnel through the membrane
Channel protein
Hold onto passengers and change shape that shuttles them across the membrane
Carrier protein
Specifically facilitates osmosis across the membrane of a plant and animal cell
Aquaporins
What 3 factors affect how materials cross the membrane?
Size, polarity, charge
Region along which the density of a chemical substance increases or decreases
Concentration gradient
Diffusion of a substance across a membrane with no use of energy
Passive transport
Diffusion of water across membrane
Osmosis
Solution that causes no net movement of water in or out of the cell
Isotonic
Solution that causes the cell to lose water; more solute
Hypertonic
Solution that causes the cell to take up water; less solute
Hypotonic
Swollen; water entering the cell
Turgid
Limp; water leaving the cell
Flaccid
The cytoplasm shrivels and the cell membrane pulls away from the cell
Plasmolysis
Passage of molecules or ions down their electrochemical gradient across a membrane with help of transport proteins
Facilitate diffusion
Movement of a substance across a membrane requiring energy
Active transport
What is the energy source for active transport?
ATP
Single ATP powered pump that transports a specific solute can indirectly drive the active transport of several other solutes
Cotransport
Vesicle fuse with cell membrane and release substances outside cell
Exocytosis
Cell membrane engulfs substance and brings it into the cell in a vesicle
Endocytosis
Takes in cholesterol for membrane and steroid synthesis
Receptor mediated endocytosis
Cell ingests extracellular fluids and its dissolved solutes
Pinocytosis
Any molecules that binds to a receptor side of another molecule
Ligand
What part of the phospholipid is polar?
Head
What part of the phospholipid is nonpolar?
Tail
Process of generating ATP to ADP and phosphate
Phosphorylation
Open channel through the cell wall that connects the cytoplasm of adjacent plant cells, allowing water, small solutes, and molecules to pass between cells
Plasmodesmata
physical pressure on a solution
Pressure potential
Linkage of a mechanical, chemical, or electromagnetic stimulus to a specific cellular response
Signal transduction
Transmission of a stimulus from one cell to another
Signal cascade
A transport protein in the cell membrane that actively transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell
Ion pump
Substance that is being dissolved
Solute
Dissolving agent of a soluion
Solvent
Prevents the leakage of material through the space between cells
Tight junctions
Protein on a cell membrane
Transmembrane protein
Helps a certain substance or class of close related substances to cross the membrane
Transport protein
Physical properties predicting what direction what will flow
Water potential
