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AP Biology > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Having a region that is hydrophobic and hydrophilic

A

Amphipathic

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2
Q

What happens to membrane fluidity when the temperature decreases?

A

Remains as a fluid until phospholipids settle in a tightly packed arrangement

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3
Q

What happens to membrane fluidity when it has unsaturated hydrocarbon chains?

A

More fluidity since they cannot pack tightly together

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4
Q

What happens to membrane fluidity when there is cholesterol?

A

Lowers the temperature required for the membrane to solidify

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5
Q

Penetrate the hydrophobic interior of the lipid bilayer

A

Integral protein

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6
Q

Appendages loosely bound to the surface of the membrane

A

Peripheral protein

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7
Q

Carbohydrate binds to lipid

A

Glycolipid

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8
Q

Carbohydrate binds to protein

A

Glycoprotein

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9
Q

Has a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions use to tunnel through the membrane

A

Channel protein

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10
Q

Hold onto passengers and change shape that shuttles them across the membrane

A

Carrier protein

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11
Q

Specifically facilitates osmosis across the membrane of a plant and animal cell

A

Aquaporins

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12
Q

What 3 factors affect how materials cross the membrane?

A

Size, polarity, charge

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13
Q

Region along which the density of a chemical substance increases or decreases

A

Concentration gradient

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14
Q

Diffusion of a substance across a membrane with no use of energy

A

Passive transport

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15
Q

Diffusion of water across membrane

A

Osmosis

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16
Q

Solution that causes no net movement of water in or out of the cell

A

Isotonic

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17
Q

Solution that causes the cell to lose water; more solute

A

Hypertonic

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18
Q

Solution that causes the cell to take up water; less solute

A

Hypotonic

19
Q

Swollen; water entering the cell

A

Turgid

20
Q

Limp; water leaving the cell

A

Flaccid

21
Q

The cytoplasm shrivels and the cell membrane pulls away from the cell

A

Plasmolysis

22
Q

Passage of molecules or ions down their electrochemical gradient across a membrane with help of transport proteins

A

Facilitate diffusion

23
Q

Movement of a substance across a membrane requiring energy

A

Active transport

24
Q

What is the energy source for active transport?

A

ATP

25
Q

Single ATP powered pump that transports a specific solute can indirectly drive the active transport of several other solutes

A

Cotransport

26
Q

Vesicle fuse with cell membrane and release substances outside cell

A

Exocytosis

27
Q

Cell membrane engulfs substance and brings it into the cell in a vesicle

A

Endocytosis

28
Q

Takes in cholesterol for membrane and steroid synthesis

A

Receptor mediated endocytosis

29
Q

Cell ingests extracellular fluids and its dissolved solutes

A

Pinocytosis

30
Q

Any molecules that binds to a receptor side of another molecule

A

Ligand

31
Q

What part of the phospholipid is polar?

A

Head

32
Q

What part of the phospholipid is nonpolar?

A

Tail

33
Q

Process of generating ATP to ADP and phosphate

A

Phosphorylation

34
Q

Open channel through the cell wall that connects the cytoplasm of adjacent plant cells, allowing water, small solutes, and molecules to pass between cells

A

Plasmodesmata

35
Q

physical pressure on a solution

A

Pressure potential

36
Q

Linkage of a mechanical, chemical, or electromagnetic stimulus to a specific cellular response

A

Signal transduction

37
Q

Transmission of a stimulus from one cell to another

A

Signal cascade

38
Q

A transport protein in the cell membrane that actively transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell

A

Ion pump

39
Q

Substance that is being dissolved

A

Solute

40
Q

Dissolving agent of a soluion

A

Solvent

41
Q

Prevents the leakage of material through the space between cells

A

Tight junctions

42
Q

Protein on a cell membrane

A

Transmembrane protein

43
Q

Helps a certain substance or class of close related substances to cross the membrane

A

Transport protein

44
Q

Physical properties predicting what direction what will flow

A

Water potential

AP Biology (25 decks)

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