Chapter 5

Question 1

What are the 4 classes of large molecules for all living things?

Answer 1

Carbs, proteins, nucleic acid, lipids

Question 2

Giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules

Answer 2

Macromolecules

Question 3

Long molecule consisting of smaller molecules

Answer 3

Polymer

Question 4

Building blocks of polymers

Answer 4

Monomer

Question 5

Monomers are connected in what type of reaction?

Answer 5

Dehydration synthesis

Question 6

2 molecules become covalently bonded together with the removal of a water molecule

Answer 6

Dehydration reaction

Question 7

Bond between 2 monomers is broken by an addition of a water molecule

Answer 7

Hydrolysis

Question 8

Polymers are converted to monomers in what type of reaction?

Answer 8

Hydrolysis

Question 9

What are the monomers for all carbohydrates?

Answer 9

Monosaccharides

Question 10

Lipids are linked together by what bond?

Answer 10

Ester bonds

Question 11

Carbohydrates are linked together by what bond?

Answer 11

Glycosidic linkages

Question 12

Carbonyl group within a carbon skeleton

Answer 12

Ketone

Question 13

Carbonyl group at the end of a carbon skeleton

Answer 13

Aldehyde

Question 14

What makes maltose?

Answer 14

Glucose + glucose

Question 15

What makes sucrose?

Answer 15

Glucose + fructose

Question 16

What makes lactose?

Answer 16

Glucose + galactose

Question 17

Covalent bond formed between 2 monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction

Answer 17

Glycosidic linkage

Question 18

What are examples of storage polysaccharides?

Answer 18

starch, glycogen

Question 19

What are examples of structural polysaccharides?

Answer 19

Cellulose, chitin

Question 20

Storage polysaccharaide produced by vertebrates that is stored in the liver

Answer 20

Glycogen

Question 21

What makes up a lipid?

Answer 21

3 fatty acids and glycerol

Question 22

Has all hydrogen bonds in a lipid

Answer 22

Saturated

Question 23

Name 2 saturated fats

Answer 23

Oil and plant fat

Question 24

Name an unsaturated fat

Answer 24

Butter

Question 25

Has a double bond in a lipid

Answer 25

Unsaturated

Question 26

What is the function of fat?

Answer 26

Energy storage, cushions vital organs, body insulation

Question 27

Unsaturated fat formed artificially during the hydrogenation of oils

Answer 27

Trans fat

Question 28

Response of cell to chemical stimuli

Answer 28

Receptor proteins

Question 29

Supports (ex: keratin)

Answer 29

Structural proteins

Question 30

What are other examples of steroids?

Answer 30

Cholesterol, vertebrate sex hormone

Question 31

Selective acceleration of chemical reactions

Answer 31

Enzymatic protein

Question 32

Storage of amino acids

Answer 32

Storage protein

Question 33

Coordination of activities

Answer 33

Hormonal protein

Question 34

Movement

Answer 34

Contractile and motor protein

Question 35

Protects against diseases

Answer 35

Defensive protein

Question 36

Transport of substances

Answer 36

Transport protein

Question 37

Covalent bond between the carboxyl group on one amino acid and the amino group

Answer 37

Peptide bond

Question 38

Polymer of amino acid subunits connected in a specific sequence; chain of many amino acids

Answer 38

Polypeptide

Question 39

What are the 4 levels of protein structures?

Answer 39

Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

Question 40

Protein loses its shape due to the disruption of weak chemical bonds and interactions

Answer 40

Denature

Question 41

Information storage (nucleic acid)

Answer 41

DNA

Question 42

Protein synthesis

Answer 42

RNA

Question 43

Energy transfer

Answer 43

ATP and ADP

Question 44

Adenine and guanine

Answer 44

Purine

Question 45

Cytosine and thymine

Answer 45

Pyrimidines

Question 46

What are nucleic acids made of?

Answer 46

Phosphate group and nitrogenous base

Question 47

What macromolecule always contain sulfur?

Answer 47

Nucleic acid

Question 48

What macromolecule always contain nitrogen?

Answer 48

Protein

Question 49

Organic molecule possessing both a carboxyl and an amino group; serves as the monomers of polypeptides

Answer 49

Amino Acid

Question 50

Having both a hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic region

Answer 50

Amphipathic

Question 51

A sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (dissacharides) or polymers (polysaccharides)

Answer 51

Carbohydrate

Question 52

A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic linkage formed by dehydration synthesis

Answer 52

Disaccharide

Question 53

Carboxylic acide with a long carbon chain

Answer 53

Fatty acid

Question 54

Method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as a inhibitor of an enzyme within that enzyme

Answer 54

Feedback inhibition

Question 55

Atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost one or more electrons

Answer 55

Ion

Question 56

A series of chemical reactions that either builds a complex molecule (anabolic) or breaks down a complex molecule to simpler molecules (catabolic)

Answer 56

Metabolic pathway

Question 57

Simplest carbohydrate, active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides

Answer 57

Monosaccharide

Question 58

Accumulation of an end product of a process slows the process

Answer 58

Negative feedback

Question 59

Serves as a blueprint for proteins and for all cellular activities

Answer 59

Nucleic Acid

Question 60

What makes up a nucleotide?

Answer 60

Nitrogenous base, phosphate group, ribose sugar

Question 61

Covalent bond between the carboxyl group on one amino acid and the amino group of the other, formed by dehydration synthesis

Answer 61

Peptide bonds

Question 62

An end product of a process speeds up that process

Answer 62

Positive feedback

Question 63

Consists of one or more polypeptides folded and coiled into a specific 3D structure

Answer 63

Protein

Question 64

Lipid consisting of 3 fatty acids linked to one glycerol molecule

Answer 64

Triglyceride

Question 65

What are some examples of quaternary protein structures?

Answer 65

Collagen, hemoglobin

Question 66

Protein that has a long fiber shape

Answer 66

Fibrous protein

Question 67

Protein that has a spherical shape

Answer 67

Globular protein

Question 68

What is an example of a fibrous protein?

Answer 68

Actin, collagen

Question 69

What is an example of a globular protein?

Answer 69

Hemoglobin

Question 70

Lipids with a carbon skeleton with four fused rings and a small ACYL tail

Answer 70

Steroid

Question 71

What are the 5 nitrogenous bases?

Answer 71

Adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, uracil

Question 72

What makes up a nucleoside?

Answer 72

Nitrogenous base and sugar