Chapter 16

Question 0

Change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA

Answer 0

Transformation

Question 1

what are the two chemical components of chromosomes

Answer 1

DNA and protein

Question 2

What is the transformation factor?

Answer 2

DNA

Question 3

How does a bacteriophage destroy a bacterial cell

Answer 3

It puts DNA into a cell and it grows and burst

Question 4

What element is common in DNA?

Answer 4

Phosphorus

Question 5

What are Chargaff’s rules?

Answer 5

Based composition varies between species and the number of adenine and Thymine are equal while the number of cystenine and guanine are equal

Question 6

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

Answer 6

Phosphate, sugar, nitrogenous base

Question 7

Who are the two men who built the first molecular model of DNA?

Answer 7

Watson and crick

Question 8

Name two purines

Answer 8

Adenine and guanine

Question 9

Name 2 pyrimidines

Answer 9

Cystenine and thymine

Question 10

Subunits run in opposite directions

Answer 10

Anti-parallel

Question 11

Two parental strands come back together during replication

Answer 11

Semi conservative model of replication

Question 12

Short stretches of DNA having specific sequence of nucleotides

Answer 12

Origins of replication

Question 13

Adds a new nucleotides to complementary strands

Answer 13

Leading strand

Question 14

Away from replication fork

Answer 14

Lagging strand

Question 15

Sacrament of DNA synthesized away from replication fork

Answer 15

Okazaki fragments

Question 16

Untwist and separates strands

Answer 16

Helicases

Question 17

Holds DNA strands apart

Answer 17

Single-strand binding proteins

Question 18

Adds short RNA segments to which DNA polymerase III can attach nucleotides during replication

Answer 18

Primase

Question 20

Add DNA nucleotides to new strands

Answer 20

DNA polymerase III

Question 20

Removes RNA primer and replaces it with DNA

Answer 20

DNA polymerase I

Question 21

Relieve strain caused by unwinding and joins DNA fragments together

Answer 21

Topoisomerase

Question 22

DNA cutting

Answer 22

Nuclease

Question 23

Join sugar phosphate to Okazaki fragments

Answer 23

Ligase

Question 24

Reviews and repairs DNA

Answer 24

Repair enzymes

Question 25

Linking of thymine bases which interfere with DNA replication

Answer 25

Thymine dimer

Question 26

Adds segments to the ends of chromosomes to prevent shortening during replication

Answer 26

Telomerase

Question 27

Eukaryotic chromatin that is condensed and is not transcribed

Answer 27

Heterochromatin

Question 28

Less compacted chromatin and is available for transcription

Answer 28

Euchromatin

Question 29

Recognizes splice sites and combines with proteins to form spliceosomes

Answer 29

snRNP

Question 30

Editing complex containing “snurps” that removes introns and splices together exons

Answer 30

Spliceosomes

Question 31

Region on DNA where RNA polymerase binds to start transcription

Answer 31

Promoter

Question 32

Set the stage for the identity of the transforming molecule

Answer 32

Griffith

Question 33

Showed the transforming molecule was DNA

Answer 33

Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty

Question 34

Proved that DNA was protein

Answer 34

Hershey and Chase

Question 36

Analyzed DNA with X-ray crystallography to determine the structure of DNA

Answer 36

Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin

Question 37

DNA to mRNA

Answer 37

Transcription

Question 38

mRNA to protein

Answer 38

Translation