Chapter 14 Flashcards
Heritable feature
Character
Different varieties of a character
Trait
Parent generation
P
First filial generation
F1
second filial generation
F2
2 alleles for a heritable character segregate during gamete formation and end up in different gametes
Law of segregation
Cross between 2 heterozygous organisms
Monohybrid
Cross between 2 heterozygous organisms for both characters followed
Dihybrid
Each pair of alleles segregate independently of each other pair of alleles during gamete formation
Law of independent assortment
The outcome isn’t affected by what happened before
Independent event
The phenotype of herterozygotes is between the phenotypes of individuals homozygous for either alleles
Incomplete dominance
The phenotype of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote aren’t distinguishable
Complete dominance
Phenotypes affect the alles and phenotypes in separate ways.
Codominance
Alleles are not completely dominant
Incomplete dominance
Ability of a single gene cell to have many effectes
Pleiotrophy
Phenotype expression of 1 gene alters an independent inherited gene
Epistasis
Caused by a recessive gene for chloride channel protein; excess secretion of mucus
Cystic fibrosis
Causes RBC to change shape and hemoglobin aggregates
Sickle-cell disease
Form of dwarfism
Achondroplasia
Caused by dominant allele; uncontrollable movements and nervous system breaks down
Huntington’s disease
What 2 ways do we use to fest a fetus for genetic disorders?
Amniocentesis and CVS
