Chapter 10 Flashcards
Sustain themselves by not eating anything fro living things
Autotroph
Obtains organic material by the second major mode of nutrition
Heterotroph
Light absorbed by chlorophyll drives a transfer of electrons and hydrogen ions from water to NADP
Light reaction
Carbon incorporates into organic molecules. The carbon is then turned into a carbohydrate
Calvin cycle
Organized association of proteins holding a special pair of chlorophyll a molecules
Reaction center complex
Consists of various pigment molecules bound to proteins
Light-harvesting complex
The special chlorophyll a enables them to use the energy from light to boost the electron to a higher energy level and to transfer it to the electron acceptor
Primary electron acceptor
What is the source of energy that excites the electron in photosystem II?
Light
What compound is the source of electrons for linear electron flow?
water
What is the source of O2 in the atmosphere?
Splitting of water
What important events occur in the carbon fixation stage of the Calvin cycle?
CO2 gets attached to RuBP
First organic product of carbon fixation is a 3 carbon compound and 3 phosphoglycerate
C3 plant
Peroxisomes and mitochondria rearrange and split a 2 carbon compound, producing CO2
Photorespiration
The preface of the Calvin cycle within and alternate mode of carbon fixation that forms a 4 carbon product
C4 plant
What compound necessary for photosynthesis is found in the thylakoid?
Chlorophyll
Where are the reactants in photosynthesis stored?
Stroma
What part of the chloroplast do light dependent reactions occur?
Thylakoid
What part of the chloroplast does the Calvin cycle occur?
Stroma
Find a place in light dependent reactions where electrons are released from chlorophyll by a photon of light coming from the sun
Stroma
Find a place in light dependent reactions where electrons are released from water molecules
Photosystem II
When electrons are released from water molecules, what other products are formed?
Oxygen and hydrogen
Name the embedded protein complex found in the thylakoid membrane that uses excited electrons to reduce NADP to NADPH
Photosystem I
The embedded protein complex found i the thylakoid membrane that provides excited electrons to the electron transport chain
Photosystem II
Converts ADP to ATP using free energy from a flow of hydrogen ions
ATP synthase
How many RuBP molecules are used in one turn of the Calvin Cycle?
3
How many carbon atoms are in each RuBP molecule?
5
Where a chloroplasts usually located in?
Mesophyll cells
Light pigment that absorbs best in red and violet-blue wavelengths
Chlorophyll a
What are some examples of carotenoids?
Carotenes, xanthophyll
Reaction center absorption peak at 700 nm
Photosystem 1
Reaction center absorption peak at 680 nm
Photosystem 2
How much ATP and NADPH does it take to make 1 glucose
18 ATP, 12 NADPH
Where does photosynthesis take place?
Thylakoids
What is the difference between cyclic and noncyclic flow?
Cyclic involves photosystem 1 and noncyclic involves photosystem 1 and 2
What is produced in the cyclic reaction?
ATP
What are the inputs of noncyclic flow?
Water and sunlight
Water splits into hydrogen and oxygen
Photolysis
What are the 3 products of the noncyclic electron flow?
ATP, NADPH, oxygen
What 2 products of the light dependent reaction used in the Calvin cycle?
ATP and NADPH
What are the inputs of the Calvin cycle?
CO2, ATP, NADPH
Where is chlorophyll located?
Photosystems in the thylakoid membrane
How does the internal structures of chloroplasts help absorb the maximum amount of light?
Granum and Cristae increase the surface area
Shuttles hydrogen to Calvin cycle
NADP
Drives the Calvin cycle
ATP
Convert solar energy to ATP and NADPH
Light dependent
Where are the photosystems located?
Thylakoid sacs
What pigments are involved in photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll a, accessory pigments
Where is the high concentration of hydrogen located in the mitochondria and chloroplasts?
Intermembrane space, thylakoid space
Where is the low concentration of hydrogen located in the mitochondria and chloroplasts?
Matrix, stroma
Where is the electron transport chain located in the mitochondria and chloroplasts?
Inner membrane, thylakoid membrane
Where is the ATP synthase located in the mitochondria and chloroplasts?
Inner membrane, thylakoid membrane
Where is ATP production located in the mitochondria and chloroplasts?
Matrix, stroma
What is the source of ATP production in the mitochondria? Chloroplasts?
Glucose, sunlight
What is the purpose of the cyclic pathway?
Regulates the amount of ATP so it can be used in the Calvin cycle
Catalyze carbon fixation
Rubisco
