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AP Biology > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Sustain themselves by not eating anything fro living things

A

Autotroph

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2
Q

Obtains organic material by the second major mode of nutrition

A

Heterotroph

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3
Q

Light absorbed by chlorophyll drives a transfer of electrons and hydrogen ions from water to NADP

A

Light reaction

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4
Q

Carbon incorporates into organic molecules. The carbon is then turned into a carbohydrate

A

Calvin cycle

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5
Q

Organized association of proteins holding a special pair of chlorophyll a molecules

A

Reaction center complex

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6
Q

Consists of various pigment molecules bound to proteins

A

Light-harvesting complex

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7
Q

The special chlorophyll a enables them to use the energy from light to boost the electron to a higher energy level and to transfer it to the electron acceptor

A

Primary electron acceptor

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8
Q

What is the source of energy that excites the electron in photosystem II?

A

Light

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9
Q

What compound is the source of electrons for linear electron flow?

A

water

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10
Q

What is the source of O2 in the atmosphere?

A

Splitting of water

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11
Q

What important events occur in the carbon fixation stage of the Calvin cycle?

A

CO2 gets attached to RuBP

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12
Q

First organic product of carbon fixation is a 3 carbon compound and 3 phosphoglycerate

A

C3 plant

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13
Q

Peroxisomes and mitochondria rearrange and split a 2 carbon compound, producing CO2

A

Photorespiration

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14
Q

The preface of the Calvin cycle within and alternate mode of carbon fixation that forms a 4 carbon product

A

C4 plant

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15
Q

What compound necessary for photosynthesis is found in the thylakoid?

A

Chlorophyll

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16
Q

Where are the reactants in photosynthesis stored?

A

Stroma

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17
Q

What part of the chloroplast do light dependent reactions occur?

A

Thylakoid

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18
Q

What part of the chloroplast does the Calvin cycle occur?

A

Stroma

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19
Q

Find a place in light dependent reactions where electrons are released from chlorophyll by a photon of light coming from the sun

A

Stroma

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20
Q

Find a place in light dependent reactions where electrons are released from water molecules

A

Photosystem II

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21
Q

When electrons are released from water molecules, what other products are formed?

A

Oxygen and hydrogen

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22
Q

Name the embedded protein complex found in the thylakoid membrane that uses excited electrons to reduce NADP to NADPH

A

Photosystem I

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23
Q

The embedded protein complex found i the thylakoid membrane that provides excited electrons to the electron transport chain

A

Photosystem II

24
Q

Converts ADP to ATP using free energy from a flow of hydrogen ions

A

ATP synthase

25
Q

How many RuBP molecules are used in one turn of the Calvin Cycle?

A

3

26
Q

How many carbon atoms are in each RuBP molecule?

A

5

27
Q

Where a chloroplasts usually located in?

A

Mesophyll cells

28
Q

Light pigment that absorbs best in red and violet-blue wavelengths

A

Chlorophyll a

29
Q

What are some examples of carotenoids?

A

Carotenes, xanthophyll

30
Q

Reaction center absorption peak at 700 nm

A

Photosystem 1

31
Q

Reaction center absorption peak at 680 nm

A

Photosystem 2

32
Q

How much ATP and NADPH does it take to make 1 glucose

A

18 ATP, 12 NADPH

33
Q

Where does photosynthesis take place?

A

Thylakoids

34
Q

What is the difference between cyclic and noncyclic flow?

A

Cyclic involves photosystem 1 and noncyclic involves photosystem 1 and 2

35
Q

What is produced in the cyclic reaction?

A

ATP

36
Q

What are the inputs of noncyclic flow?

A

Water and sunlight

37
Q

Water splits into hydrogen and oxygen

A

Photolysis

38
Q

What are the 3 products of the noncyclic electron flow?

A

ATP, NADPH, oxygen

39
Q

What 2 products of the light dependent reaction used in the Calvin cycle?

A

ATP and NADPH

40
Q

What are the inputs of the Calvin cycle?

A

CO2, ATP, NADPH

41
Q

Where is chlorophyll located?

A

Photosystems in the thylakoid membrane

42
Q

How does the internal structures of chloroplasts help absorb the maximum amount of light?

A

Granum and Cristae increase the surface area

43
Q

Shuttles hydrogen to Calvin cycle

A

NADP

44
Q

Drives the Calvin cycle

A

ATP

45
Q

Convert solar energy to ATP and NADPH

A

Light dependent

46
Q

Where are the photosystems located?

A

Thylakoid sacs

47
Q

What pigments are involved in photosynthesis?

A

Chlorophyll a, accessory pigments

48
Q

Where is the high concentration of hydrogen located in the mitochondria and chloroplasts?

A

Intermembrane space, thylakoid space

49
Q

Where is the low concentration of hydrogen located in the mitochondria and chloroplasts?

A

Matrix, stroma

50
Q

Where is the electron transport chain located in the mitochondria and chloroplasts?

A

Inner membrane, thylakoid membrane

51
Q

Where is the ATP synthase located in the mitochondria and chloroplasts?

A

Inner membrane, thylakoid membrane

52
Q

Where is ATP production located in the mitochondria and chloroplasts?

A

Matrix, stroma

53
Q

What is the source of ATP production in the mitochondria? Chloroplasts?

A

Glucose, sunlight

54
Q

What is the purpose of the cyclic pathway?

A

Regulates the amount of ATP so it can be used in the Calvin cycle

55
Q

Catalyze carbon fixation

A

Rubisco

AP Biology (25 decks)

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