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AP Biology > Chapter 1 and 51 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 and 51 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Actions carried out by muscles in response to a stimulus

A

Behavior

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2
Q

Study of evolution and ecological basis for animal behavior

A

Behavioral ecology

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3
Q

Sequence of unlearned act directly linked to a stimulus

A

Fixed action pattern

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4
Q

What is an example of fixed action pattern?

A

Sicklebacks react to other males with red bellies and also reacted aggressively to red things

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5
Q

Regular, long distance change in location

A

Migration

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6
Q

Mechanism to maintain an 24 hour cycle; tells us when to sleep

A

Circadian clocks

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7
Q

What are 2 ways birds navigate to migrate?

A

Earth’s magnetic fields and solar/celestial cues

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8
Q

Chemical substances used to communicate with other animals by the means of defense or attracting mates

A

Pheromones

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9
Q

Behavior you are born with

A

Innate

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10
Q

Behavior you develop through experiences

A

Learned behavior

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11
Q

What are some ways animals communicate?

A

Orienting, tapping, release of chemicals, etc.

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12
Q

Learning a long lasting behavioral response at a specific point in life

A

Imprinting

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13
Q

Limited developmental stage where imprinting occurs

A

Critical period

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14
Q

The animal remembers where things are based on the environment’s structure

A

Spatial learning

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15
Q

A stimulus associated with an outcome

A

Classical learning

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16
Q

Learning from trial and error

A

Operant conditioning

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17
Q

Process of knowing that involves awareness, reasoning, recollection, and judgement

A

Cognition

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18
Q

Activities an animal uses to search for, recognize, and capture food

A

Foraging

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19
Q

Natural selection should favor a foraging behavior that minimizes the costs of foraging and maximizing benefits

A

Optimal foraging theory

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20
Q

No strong pair bond during mating

A

Promiscuity

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21
Q

Mates remain together for a long time

A

Monogamy

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22
Q

Having more than 1 mate

A

Polygamy

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23
Q

Males mates with many females

A

Polygyny

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24
Q

Female mates with many males

A

Polyandry

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25
Q

What are 2 factors that are important in determining the evolution of these mating systems?

A

Needs of the young and certainty to paternity

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26
Q

Individuals with certain inherited characteristics are more likely than others to obtain a mate

A

Sexual selection

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27
Q

Individuals who are choose of their mate

A

Intersexual selection

28
Q

Direct competition among individuals of 1 sex

A

Intrasexual selection

29
Q

Aggressive/ submissive behavior

A

Agnostic behavior

30
Q

The gene that controls the courtship behavior of animals

A

Fru gene

31
Q

Behavior that reduces an animal’s individual fitness but increases the fitness of others in a population

A

Altruism

32
Q

What is the advantage of altruistic behavior?

A

If the parents sacrifice themselves to save the offspring, it maximizes gene representation

33
Q

Favors altruistic behaviors by enhancing reproductive success of relatives

A

Kin selection

34
Q

Altruistic behavior that occurs between unrelated individuals

A

Reciprocal Selection

35
Q

What are the 7 properties of life?

A

Order, evolutionary adaptation, regulation, energy processing, growth and development, reproduction, response to environment.

36
Q

New properties that arise with each step upward as something grows in life

A

Emergent properties

37
Q

What is an example of emergent properties?

A

Lead and diamonds may be bother made out of carbon but they look different because of the molecular structure

38
Q

Consists of all life on earth and all places where life exists

A

Biosphere

39
Q

Consists of all living/nonliving things in a specific area

A

Ecosystem

40
Q

Entire array of organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem

A

Community

41
Q

All individuals of a species living in a specific area

A

Population

42
Q

Individual living things

A

Organism

43
Q

Body part(s) that carries out a particular role(s) in the body

A

Organ/Organ system

44
Q

Fundamental unit of structure and function

A

Cells

45
Q

A group of cells that work together

A

Tissue

46
Q

Functional components present in cells

A

Organelles

47
Q

Chemical structure made up of 2 or more atoms

A

Molecules

48
Q

Single celled organisms

A

Prokaryotic

49
Q

Multicellular organisms

A

Eukaryotic

50
Q

What do eukaryotes include?

A

Animals and plants

51
Q

What do prokaryotes include?

A

Archaea and Bacteria

52
Q

Cell’s genetic material

A

DNA

53
Q

Units of inheritance that transmit info from parent to offspring

A

Genes

54
Q

Genetic instructions that an organism inherits

A

Genome

55
Q

Decrease rate of production

A

Negative feedback

56
Q

Increase rate of production

A

Positive feedback

57
Q

What’re the levels of organization in order?

A

Species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain

58
Q

The population varies with traits, species adapt to the environment, competition is inevitable

A

Natural selection

59
Q

There must be something that can prove an idea is not true through observation and experimentation

A

Falsifiable

60
Q

The study of animal behavior

A

Ethology

61
Q

The process of animals positioning themselves with respect to spatial features of their environment

A

Orientation

62
Q

Turning of an animal’s body in response to a stimulus

A

Taxis

63
Q

Random turning of movement of an animal to a stimulus

A

Kinesis

64
Q

Mechanism that enables the organism to show a certain type of behavior

A

Proximate Cause

65
Q

Why and how did the behavior come to be; long term

A

Ultimate Cause

AP Biology (25 decks)

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