Chapter 2 Flashcards
Anything that takes up space or mass
Matter
Substance that can’t be broken down to other substances by chemical reaction
Element
Consists of 2 or more different elements
Compound
What 4 elements make up 96% of all living matter?
C,H,N,O
What organisms need to live a healthy life
Essential element
Required for organisms in minuscule amounts
Trace element
Number of protons in the nucleus
Atomic number
Total mass of element
Atomic mass
An element that has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
Isotope
Energy level of electrons at a characteristic average from the nucleus
Electron shell
Capacity to cause change
Energy
What is the only subatomic particle that is involved in chemical reactions?
Electrons
Energy that matter possesses because of location or structure
Potential energy
What determines the chemical behavior of an atom?
Distribution of electrons in the atom’s electron shell
2 or more molecules held together by covalent bonds
Molecule
Attraction of a particular atom for electrons of a covalent bond
Electronegativity
An uneven distribution of charges between 2 atoms
Polar
Electrons are equally shared between 2 atoms
Nonpolar
Negative charged ion
Anion
Positive charged ion
Cation
Weak attractions between molecules or parts of molecules that result from local partial changes
Van der Waals
List the bonds from strongest to weakest
Covalent, ionic, hydrogen, van der waals
Reactions are still going on but their concentrations have stabilized at a particular ratio
Dynamic equilibrium
Particles smaller than an atom
Subatomic particle
