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AP Biology > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Which 2 domains consist of prokaryotic cells?

A

Bacteria, archaea

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2
Q

Where is the DNA located in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A

Nucleoid, Nucleus

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3
Q

Rigid structure outside of the cell membrane

A

Cell wall

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4
Q

Allows passage of enough oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to service the cell

A

Plasma membrane

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5
Q

Contains circular DNA

A

Bacterial chromosome

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6
Q

Why are cells small?

A

Allows substances to cross faster, has a higher surface area

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7
Q

Thin projections coming out of the cells

A

Microvilli

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8
Q

Framework of protein fibers extending throughout the nuclear interior

A

Nuclear matrix

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9
Q

Netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus by mechanically supporting the nuclear envelope

A

Nuclear lamina

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10
Q

What are the 2 components of chromatin?

A

DNA and proteins

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11
Q

What’s assembled in the nucleoli?

A

Ribosomal RNA and proteins

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12
Q

Carry out proteins synthesis

A

Ribosomes

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13
Q

What is the function of the smooth ER?

A

Metabolic processes, lipid synthesis

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14
Q

What is the function of the rough ER?

A

Protein synthesis, makes membrane phospholipids

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15
Q

sack of hydrolytic enzymes that animal cell uses to digest

A

Lysosome

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16
Q

What is the pH of a lysosome?

A

7

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17
Q

Engulfing smaller organisms or food particles

A

Phagocytosis

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18
Q

Recycling the cell’s own organic materials

A

Autophagy

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19
Q

Formed by phagocytosis of particles to be used as food for the cell

A

Food vacuoles

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20
Q

Pumps excess water out of the cell

A

Contractile vacuoles

21
Q

Includes cell sap and absorbs water

A

Central vacuoles in plants

22
Q

Cells living within other cells

A

Endsymbiont

23
Q

What is the endosymbiont theory?

A

Early ancestor of eukaryotic cell engulfed an oxygen using nonphotosynthetic prokaryotic cell

24
Q

What is the function of mitochondira?

A

Cellular respiration

25
Q

What is the function of chloroplasts?

A

Photosynthesis

26
Q

Removes hydrogen from substances and transfer them to oxygen creating H2O2

A

Peroxisome

27
Q

Play a role in mitosis

A

Centriole

28
Q

Made up of 2 centrioles

A

Centrosome

29
Q

Site of photosynthesis

A

Chloroplast

30
Q

Essential component of a cell membrane

A

Cholesterol

31
Q

Specialized for moving fluid past te cell

A

Cilia

32
Q

Intracellular signaling molecule (second messenger) in eukaryotic cells

A

cAMP

33
Q

Suspends organelles in cell

A

Cytoplasm

34
Q

Serve as mechanical, transport, and signaling functions; made up of microtubules and microfilament

A

Cytoskeleton

35
Q

Semifluid portion of the cytoplasm

A

Cytosol

36
Q

Intercellular junction in animal cells that functions as a rivet, fastening cells together

A

Desmosomes

37
Q

Made up of the nuclear envelope, golgi body, ER, cell membrane, lysosomes, vesicles, vacuoles

A

Endomembrane system

38
Q

Meshwork surrounding animal cells; made up of gylcoproteins, polysaccharides

A

Extracellular matrix

39
Q

Proteins surrounding the a pore that allows passage of materials between cells

A

Gap junction

40
Q

Modify, store, and route products from the ER

A

Golgi body

41
Q

Specific chemicals that act on certain cells

A

Hormone

42
Q

Site of cellular respiration

A

Mitchondria

43
Q

Membrane that surrounds the nucleus

A

Nuclear envelope

44
Q

Allows the passing of ions into the nucleus

A

Nuclear pore

45
Q

Where DNA is concentrated in a prokaryotic cell

A

Nucleoid

46
Q

Contains rRNA, site of ribosome synthesis

A

Nucleolus

47
Q

Contains the genetic material of a cell

A

Nucleus

48
Q

Holds water in a plant cell

A

Vacuole

49
Q

Transport materials in the cell

A

Vesicle

AP Biology (25 decks)

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