Chapter 26

Question 1

Evolutionary history of a species or a group of related species

Answer 1

Phylogeny

Question 2

Discipline that focuses on classifying organisms and their evolutionary relationships

Answer 2

Systematics

Question 3

What are the tools of systematics?

Answer 3

Fossils, morphology, genes, molecular evidence

Question 4

Ordered division of organisms non to categories based on a set of characteristics

Answer 4

Taxonomy

Question 5

Two part naming system

Answer 5

Binomial nomenclature

Question 6

What the species belongs to

Answer 6

Genus

Question 7

Within the genus

Answer 7

Species

Question 8

What 2 parts make up binomial nomenclature?

Answer 8

Genus and species

Question 9

Who developed binomial nomenclature?

Answer 9

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 10

What is the hierarchical classification beginning with the most general to inclusive?

Answer 10

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Question 11

Diagrams that depict hypotheses about evolutionary relationships

Answer 11

Phylogenetic trees

Question 12

Similarities due to shared ancestry

Answer 12

Homologous structures

Question 13

2 organisms developed similarities as they adapted to similar environmental challenges, not common ancestry

Answer 13

Convergent evolution

Question 14

Likenesses that result from convergent evolution

Answer 14

Analogous structures

Question 15

What is an example of analogous structures?

Answer 15

Butterflies and bats have wings but share no common ancestry

Question 16

Uses DNA and other molecular data to determine evolutionary relationships

Answer 16

Molecular systematics

Question 17

Depicts patterns of shared characteristics among taxa and forms

Answer 17

Cladogram

Question 18

A group of species that includes an ancestral species and all its descendants on a phylogenetic tree

Answer 18

Clade

Question 19

Consists of an ancestral species and all of its descendants

Answer 19

Monophyletic group

Question 20

Consists of ancestral species and some of its descendants but not all of them

Answer 20

Paraphyletic

Question 21

The common ancestor of its members is not part of the group

Answer 21

Polyphyletic

Question 22

What is an example of a shared derived characteristic?

Answer 22

Hair among mammals

Question 23

What is an example of a shared ancestral characteristics

Answer 23

Backbones among vertebrates

Question 24

Methods used to measure the absolute time of evolutionary change based on the observation that some genes and other regions of the genome appear to evolve at constant rates

Answer 24

Molecular clocks

Question 25

What makes up the 3 domain system?

Answer 25

Bacteria, archaea, eukarya

Question 26

Why are eukaryotes and archaea closely related?

Answer 26

Archaea has similar metabolic pathways and both produce ATP

Question 27

Kingdom that is made obsolete by the 3 domain system because members would be in 2 domains

Answer 27

Monera

Question 28

What is the role of horizontal gene transfer?

Answer 28

Transfer from one genome to another through plasmid exchange, viral activity, and fusions of different organisms

Question 29

Easiest possible solution

Answer 29

Parsimony