Chapter 8 Flashcards
1
Q
What is the boot-shaped peninsula that extends from Europe about 600 miles southeastward into the Mediterranean Sea?
A
Italy; Apennine Peninsula
2
Q
What was Italy’s chief city that ruled the Mediterranean basic in ancient times?
A
Rome
3
Q
Who were the ancestor of the Romans who were Indo-European tribesmen and were closely related to the Greeks?
A
Itali
4
Q
Who were one of the Italic tribes who finally settled by the Tiber River in west-central Italy on the plain of Latium?
A
Latins
5
Q
What is the traditional date for the founding of Rome?
A
753 B.C.
6
Q
What was a common market or meeting place in the midst of seven hills rested along the banks of the Tiber that was formed by some tiny Latin settlements?
A
Forum
7
Q
Who were seafaring people from Asia Minor who appearing in Italy about 800 B.C. and settled in Etruria, which is located north of Latium?
A
Etruscans
8
Q
What was the upper-class or “insiders” to Roman policy, religion, and society?
A
patricians
9
Q
What was the lower-calss or “outsiders” to Toman political and cultural life?
A
plebians
10
Q
Who began colonizing the Mediterranean world extensively during the 700s B.C.?
A
Greeks
11
Q
What was the region of southern Italy and Sicily where many Greeks settled?
A
Magna Graecia
12
Q
What city was founded in 814 B.C. and became Rome’s greatest rival in the western Mediterranean?
A
Carthage
13
Q
Who were the wild Celtic barbarians from western Europe who were the last Indo-European people to enter Italy?
A
Gauls
14
Q
What were the three Roman ideals taught by the father in the Roman family?
A
pietas, gravitas, dignitas
15
Q
Which of the three Roman family ideals means a sense of duty?
A
pietas
16
Q
Which of the three Roman ideals means seriousness of purpose?
A
gravitas
17
Q
Which of the three Roman ideals means a sense of personal worth?
A
dignitas
18
Q
What was a temple dedicated to the numerous gods of the Roman empire?
A
Pantheon
19
Q
Who was an educated Greek slave who would tutor Roman sons and discipline them?
A
pedagogue
20
Q
What represented the city’s patrician families and clans and was composed of all adult male patricians who would elect the monarch?
A
Assembly
21
Q
What was an august body of 100 patrician elders who advised the king in his descisions?
A
Senate
22
Q
What replaced the Assemble and represented the 193 centuries?
A
Assembly of Centuries
23
Q
What were miliary units of 100 men to which each Roman, patrician or plebian, belonged to as a citizen-solider?
A
centuries
24
Q
When did the nobles of Rome lead a revolt of both patricians and plebians against the tyranny of the last Etruscan king?
A
509 B.C.
25
What was establish by the abolishment of the monarchy?
Roman Repulbic
26
What is a representative form of civil government in which political power is vested in the electorate?
republic
27
What is made up of all citizens who are able to vote?
electorate
28
What were the two equal chief executives who divided the authority of earlier kings?
consuls
29
What was the official plebian assembly?
concilium plebis
30
What was the new political office that was formed to represent the plebs?
Tribune
31
Wha was is called when the plebs forced the patricians to publish the previously unwritten laws of Rome?
Twelve Tables
32
What is the mountain range that are located in the north of Italy?
Alps
33
What is the mountain range that runs along the backbone of the Italian Peninsula?
Apennine Peninsula
34
What is the fertile river valley in the north of the Italian Peninsula and was good farmland?
Po River Valley
35
Who was the last Etruscan monarch in Rome?
Tarquin the Proud
36
What was the most powerful and prestigious body of Republican Rome?
Senate
37
What were Roman units of 3000 - 5000 foot soldier and calvary?
legions
38
In which of the Punic Wars did Rome experience several early defeats but was later able to develop a superior navy and gain control of the Mediterranean Sea?
First Punic War
39
What was the result of the First Punic War?
Sicily, Sordina, and Corsica were added to the growing Roman Empire
40
Who was the fames Carthaginian general who went over the Alps and into Italy with an army of men and elephants?
Hannibal
41
Which battle of the Punic Wars was the battle where Hannibal virtually annihilated the Romans in 216 B.?
Battle of Cannae
42
Who was the Roman general who was dispatched to Carthage in North Africa during the Second Punic War?
Scipio
43
What was the battle of the Second Punic War where Hannibal lost to Scipio?
Battle of Zama
44
What was the result of the Second Punic War?
the Carthaginians were forced to sue for peace, relinquish their empire, and pay the Romans a huge indemnity
45
Who was an independent ally that was a north African kingdom adjoining Carthage?
Numidia
46
How did the Third Punic War start?
the Numidians attacked the Carthaginians, forcing the Carthaginians to fight against the Roman ally, and thus bringing Romans into the war
47
What was the result of the Third Punic War?
Carthage was completely destroyed, its inhabitants were killed or sold as slaves, and the land was plowed with salt
48
By what year were the Romans masters of the Mediterranean world?
133 B.C.
49
What was the phrase used for the food and entertainment that the poor people of the Roman empire clamored for?
"bread and circuses"
50
Who were prisoners of war, slaves, or criminals who were forced to fight men and beasts to the death in public shows?
gladiators
51
Between what years was the Roman world convulses by revolution and civil war?
133 and 30 B.C.
52
Who became tribune in 133 B.C. and championed the cause fo the poor, convincing the concilium plebis to enact "reforms" which limited the amount of land one man could own and distributed public land to the poor?
Tiberius Gracchus
53
Who was the brother of Tiberius who was elected tribune in 123 B.C. after his brother was murders and attempted to carry out certain reforms including the government sale of grain to the poor at low prices and the creation of new colonies to which the poor could immigrate?
Gaius Gracchus
54
What was the military leader who was the idol of the masses and fought in the first civil war of Rome
Marius
55
Who was the military leader who was the champion of the Senate and fought in the first civil war of Rome?
Sulla
56
Who were the two leaders who fought in Rome's first civil war?
Marius and Sulla
57
Who made up the First Triumvirate?
Pompey, Julius Ceasar, and Crassus
58
What means "rule be three men"?
Triumvirate
59
Who was the member of the First Triumvirate who made a name for himself by conquering Syrian and Palestine and by eliminating the pirates who had long plagued the Mediterranean Sea?
Pompey
60
Who was the member of the First Triumvirate who was a nephew of Marius who was a leader of the people?
Julius Caesar
61
Who was the member of the First Triumvirate who was a wealthy Roman who helped form it?
Crassus
62
What formed the border between Gaul and Italy as a step meaning civil war when Julius Ceasar led his army across it?
Rubicon River
63
Who was the last ruler of the Ptolemic dynasty in Egypt?
Cleopatra
64
What is the basis of our present calendar that was 365 1/4 days and introduced by Julius Caesar?
Julian calendar
65
What was the exact day that Julius Caesar was assissinated?
March 15, 44 B.C.
66
Who were the three members of the Second Triumvirate?
Mark Antony, Octavian, and Lepidus
67
Who was the member of the Second Triumvirate who was a former consul and a friend of Caesar's?
Mark Antony
68
Who was the member of the Second Triumvirate who was Ceasar's 18-year-old grandnephew, adopted son, and heir?
Octavian
69
Who was the member of the Second Triumvirate who was a Roman general who joined forces with Antony and Octavian, but was eventually forced out of the alliance?
Lepidus
70
What was the alliance of Mark Antony, Octavian, and Lepidus known as?
the Second Trimuvirate
71
Who was Rome's greatest orator and statesman who was assassinated as the first act of the Second Triumvirate?
Cicero
72
What was one of history's most decisive battle where Octavian defeated Antony's fleet?
Battle of Actium
73
What were some of the titles of Octavian?
Princeps, Caesar, Imperator, Pontifex Maximus, and Augustus
74
Which of Octavian's titles meant "first citizen"?
Princeps
75
Which of Octavian's titles meant "the heir of a distinguished Roman family"?
Caesar
76
Which of Octavian's titles meant "emperor"?
Imperator
77
Which of Octavian's titles meant "supreme pontiff"?
Pontifex Maximus
78
Which of Octavian's titles meant "revered" and was a title of deity?
Augustus
79
How did the New Testament refer to Octavian?
Caesar Augustus
80
Who was the Roman emperor who ruled when Jesus Christ was born?
Caesar Augustus
81
When and where was Jeus Christ born?
4 B.C. in Bethlehem of Judea
82
What was the 200 years of peace and prosperity in the Mediterranea world during which commerce flourished and law and order generally prevailed?
Pax Romana
83
What was the series of rulers of succeeded Caesar Augustus?
Claudian emperors
84
Who was the Claudian emperor who ruled the emperor during the earthly ministry of Jesus Christ and at the time of the Saviour's death, resurrection, and ascension in A.D. 30?
Tiberius
85
Who was the successor of Tiberius who is remembered for appointing his favorite horse to the Senate?
Caligula
86
Who began the first great outbreak of persecution against the New Testament church?
Nero
87
Who was the Flavian empire who emerged victorious and helped to restore political and economic stability to the Roman Empire?
Vespian
88
Who were Vespian's two sons?
Titus and Domintion
89
Who was the Flavian Emperor who captured Jerusalem in eighty seventy as prophesied by Christ some forty years earlier?
Titus
90
What was the volcano that erupted in southern Italy and completely buried the Roman cities of Herculaneum, Pompeii, and Stabiae?
Mount Vesuvius
91
Who were the “five good emperors”?
Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antonius Pius, and Marcus Aurelius
92
Which of the “five good emperors” had the reign which was the last important revival of the Senate's power in Roman political affairs?
Nerva
93
Which of the “five good emperors” extended the empires frontiers to Dacia, north of the Danube River, and to Mesopotamia”?
Trajan
94
Which of the “five good emperors” is remembered for the construction of Hadrian's wall?
hadrian
95
What was a stonewall in northern Britain built to protect the empires frontiers against raids by the fierce Pics and Scots?
Hadrian's wall
96
Which of the "five good emperors" completed a similar fortification to the north of Hadrian's wall?
Antonius Pius
97
Which of the “five good emperors" was a stoic philosopher who was renowned for his book meditations?
Marcus Aunulius
98
What were the emperors called who were actually rival generals placed upon the throne for a time by warring armies?
“barracks emperors”
99
What type of tribesmen breached the frontiers of the empire and began ravaging gall, Spain, Britain, and Dacia?
Germanic
100
Who was the Roman emperor who came to power in A.D. 284 when the period of anarchy had reached its climax and instituted various reforms that held the tottering empire together for another 200 years?
diocletian
101
Who was the Roman Emperor who became the Augustus of the west with his capital at Milan in northern Italy?
Maximian
102
What was the empire further subdivided into?
Prefectures
103
Who ruled each of the four prefectures and served under one of the Augusti?
Prefects
104
What did each prefecture consist of?
dioceses
105
What did each dioceses consist of?
Provinces
106
Who ruled each province?
A governor
107
Who was the Roman Emperor who made Christianity a legal religion throughout the empire?
Constantine the first
108
What was the inscription that was seen in a supposed vision in the sky seen by Constantine?
“In Hoc Signo, Vinces!"
109
What was the edict issued in AD 313 and proclaimed equal rights for all religions?
Edict of Milan
110
What was the Council that created institutional unity in the Church?
Council of Nicaea
111
What was the name of Constantine's new capital?
Byzantium
112
What was the new name of Byzantium?
Constantinople
113
Which of the Roman empires (E or W) was to endure for over a millennium?
Eastern Roman Empire
114
Who was the Roman Emperor who permanently divided the Roman Empire into the east and W Empire in AD 395?
Theodosios I
115
Who was the leader of the Visigoths in the invasion of Italy and led in the destruction of Rome?
Alaric
116
Where did the Visigoths kill the emperor of Valans and cut his army to pieces?
Adrianople
117
Who were the tribesmen who ravaged North Africa?
Vandals
118
Who were the tribesmen who began their invasion of Britain?
Angles, Saxons, and Jutes
119
Who were the barbarian invaders from central Asia?
Huns
120
Who was the leader of the Huns who was known as the "scourge of God"?
Attila
121
Who removed the last Roman emperor in AD 476?
Odoacer
122
Who was the last Roman emperor?
Romulus Augustulus
123
What were Rome's greatest contributions to civilization?
the Latin language, Roman law, and republican government
124
What was the everyday Latin language?
vernacular or vulgar
125
What did the vernacular Latin language give rise to?
Romance languages
126
What classical, literacy Latin continued as the language of churches, schools, and monasteries after the fall of Rome that was spoken and understood by churchmen and scholars all over western Europe?
medieval Latin
127
What is still used in legal and scientific terminology and is the source of about one half of the words in the English language?
Latin
128
What was the age from the birth of Cicero to the death of Augustus in which Roman writers produced their greatest works?
Golden Age of Latin Literature
129
Who was a master of Latin prose and wrote numerous letters, rhetorical treatises, philosophical works and orations?
Cicero
130
What is an eloquent statement of the political theory underlying the Roman republic?
On the Commonwealth
131
Who was the greatest poet of the Golden Age?
Virgil
132
What is an epic poem that describes the legendary events that led to the founding of Rome and ranks as one of the greatest masterpieces of Latin literature?
Aeneid
133
Who became Rome's leading poet after Virgil's death?
Horace
134
What was the beautiful lyric that Horace is especially known for?
Odes
135
Who was another poet of the Golden Age who greatly influenced English writers?
Ovid
136
What was the work that transmitted classical Greco-Roman mythology to the modern world?
Metamorphoses
137
Who was the historian who portrayed the lives of the 12 Roman rulers from Julius Ceasar to Domintion?
Suetonius
138
Who was the Greek biographer who is best known for his masterpiece Parallel Lives?
Plutarch
139
What was a collection of 16 biographies arranged in groups of two in which a Greek orator, statesman, or writer is paired with a Roman of similar occupation?
Parallel Lives
140
What is the notion that all law derives from a single central source?
single sovereignty
141
What is the principle that all men share a common human nature?
equity
142
What is the principle that laws should be sufficiently flexible to fir a large number of particular case?
equity
143
What clarified a millennium of Roman legal documents?
Justinian Code
144
What was Rome's most lasting contribution to Western civiliation?
law
