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Chapter 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the boot-shaped peninsula that extends from Europe about 600 miles southeastward into the Mediterranean Sea?

A

Italy; Apennine Peninsula

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2
Q

What was Italy’s chief city that ruled the Mediterranean basic in ancient times?

A

Rome

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3
Q

Who were the ancestor of the Romans who were Indo-European tribesmen and were closely related to the Greeks?

A

Itali

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4
Q

Who were one of the Italic tribes who finally settled by the Tiber River in west-central Italy on the plain of Latium?

A

Latins

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5
Q

What is the traditional date for the founding of Rome?

A

753 B.C.

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6
Q

What was a common market or meeting place in the midst of seven hills rested along the banks of the Tiber that was formed by some tiny Latin settlements?

A

Forum

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7
Q

Who were seafaring people from Asia Minor who appearing in Italy about 800 B.C. and settled in Etruria, which is located north of Latium?

A

Etruscans

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8
Q

What was the upper-class or “insiders” to Roman policy, religion, and society?

A

patricians

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9
Q

What was the lower-calss or “outsiders” to Toman political and cultural life?

A

plebians

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10
Q

Who began colonizing the Mediterranean world extensively during the 700s B.C.?

A

Greeks

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11
Q

What was the region of southern Italy and Sicily where many Greeks settled?

A

Magna Graecia

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12
Q

What city was founded in 814 B.C. and became Rome’s greatest rival in the western Mediterranean?

A

Carthage

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13
Q

Who were the wild Celtic barbarians from western Europe who were the last Indo-European people to enter Italy?

A

Gauls

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14
Q

What were the three Roman ideals taught by the father in the Roman family?

A

pietas, gravitas, dignitas

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15
Q

Which of the three Roman family ideals means a sense of duty?

A

pietas

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16
Q

Which of the three Roman ideals means seriousness of purpose?

A

gravitas

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17
Q

Which of the three Roman ideals means a sense of personal worth?

A

dignitas

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18
Q

What was a temple dedicated to the numerous gods of the Roman empire?

A

Pantheon

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19
Q

Who was an educated Greek slave who would tutor Roman sons and discipline them?

A

pedagogue

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20
Q

What represented the city’s patrician families and clans and was composed of all adult male patricians who would elect the monarch?

A

Assembly

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21
Q

What was an august body of 100 patrician elders who advised the king in his descisions?

A

Senate

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22
Q

What replaced the Assemble and represented the 193 centuries?

A

Assembly of Centuries

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23
Q

What were miliary units of 100 men to which each Roman, patrician or plebian, belonged to as a citizen-solider?

A

centuries

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24
Q

When did the nobles of Rome lead a revolt of both patricians and plebians against the tyranny of the last Etruscan king?

A

509 B.C.

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25
Q

What was establish by the abolishment of the monarchy?

A

Roman Repulbic

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26
Q

What is a representative form of civil government in which political power is vested in the electorate?

A

republic

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27
Q

What is made up of all citizens who are able to vote?

A

electorate

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28
Q

What were the two equal chief executives who divided the authority of earlier kings?

A

consuls

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29
Q

What was the official plebian assembly?

A

concilium plebis

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30
Q

What was the new political office that was formed to represent the plebs?

A

Tribune

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31
Q

Wha was is called when the plebs forced the patricians to publish the previously unwritten laws of Rome?

A

Twelve Tables

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32
Q

What is the mountain range that are located in the north of Italy?

A

Alps

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33
Q

What is the mountain range that runs along the backbone of the Italian Peninsula?

A

Apennine Peninsula

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34
Q

What is the fertile river valley in the north of the Italian Peninsula and was good farmland?

A

Po River Valley

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35
Q

Who was the last Etruscan monarch in Rome?

A

Tarquin the Proud

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36
Q

What was the most powerful and prestigious body of Republican Rome?

A

Senate

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37
Q

What were Roman units of 3000 - 5000 foot soldier and calvary?

A

legions

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38
Q

In which of the Punic Wars did Rome experience several early defeats but was later able to develop a superior navy and gain control of the Mediterranean Sea?

A

First Punic War

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39
Q

What was the result of the First Punic War?

A

Sicily, Sordina, and Corsica were added to the growing Roman Empire

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40
Q

Who was the fames Carthaginian general who went over the Alps and into Italy with an army of men and elephants?

A

Hannibal

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41
Q

Which battle of the Punic Wars was the battle where Hannibal virtually annihilated the Romans in 216 B.?

A

Battle of Cannae

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42
Q

Who was the Roman general who was dispatched to Carthage in North Africa during the Second Punic War?

A

Scipio

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43
Q

What was the battle of the Second Punic War where Hannibal lost to Scipio?

A

Battle of Zama

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44
Q

What was the result of the Second Punic War?

A

the Carthaginians were forced to sue for peace, relinquish their empire, and pay the Romans a huge indemnity

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45
Q

Who was an independent ally that was a north African kingdom adjoining Carthage?

A

Numidia

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46
Q

How did the Third Punic War start?

A

the Numidians attacked the Carthaginians, forcing the Carthaginians to fight against the Roman ally, and thus bringing Romans into the war

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47
Q

What was the result of the Third Punic War?

A

Carthage was completely destroyed, its inhabitants were killed or sold as slaves, and the land was plowed with salt

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48
Q

By what year were the Romans masters of the Mediterranean world?

A

133 B.C.

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49
Q

What was the phrase used for the food and entertainment that the poor people of the Roman empire clamored for?

A

“bread and circuses”

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50
Q

Who were prisoners of war, slaves, or criminals who were forced to fight men and beasts to the death in public shows?

A

gladiators

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51
Q

Between what years was the Roman world convulses by revolution and civil war?

A

133 and 30 B.C.

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52
Q

Who became tribune in 133 B.C. and championed the cause fo the poor, convincing the concilium plebis to enact “reforms” which limited the amount of land one man could own and distributed public land to the poor?

A

Tiberius Gracchus

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53
Q

Who was the brother of Tiberius who was elected tribune in 123 B.C. after his brother was murders and attempted to carry out certain reforms including the government sale of grain to the poor at low prices and the creation of new colonies to which the poor could immigrate?

A

Gaius Gracchus

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54
Q

What was the military leader who was the idol of the masses and fought in the first civil war of Rome

A

Marius

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55
Q

Who was the military leader who was the champion of the Senate and fought in the first civil war of Rome?

A

Sulla

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56
Q

Who were the two leaders who fought in Rome’s first civil war?

A

Marius and Sulla

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57
Q

Who made up the First Triumvirate?

A

Pompey, Julius Ceasar, and Crassus

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58
Q

What means “rule be three men”?

A

Triumvirate

59
Q

Who was the member of the First Triumvirate who made a name for himself by conquering Syrian and Palestine and by eliminating the pirates who had long plagued the Mediterranean Sea?

A

Pompey

60
Q

Who was the member of the First Triumvirate who was a nephew of Marius who was a leader of the people?

A

Julius Caesar

61
Q

Who was the member of the First Triumvirate who was a wealthy Roman who helped form it?

A

Crassus

62
Q

What formed the border between Gaul and Italy as a step meaning civil war when Julius Ceasar led his army across it?

A

Rubicon River

63
Q

Who was the last ruler of the Ptolemic dynasty in Egypt?

A

Cleopatra

64
Q

What is the basis of our present calendar that was 365 1/4 days and introduced by Julius Caesar?

A

Julian calendar

65
Q

What was the exact day that Julius Caesar was assissinated?

A

March 15, 44 B.C.

66
Q

Who were the three members of the Second Triumvirate?

A

Mark Antony, Octavian, and Lepidus

67
Q

Who was the member of the Second Triumvirate who was a former consul and a friend of Caesar’s?

A

Mark Antony

68
Q

Who was the member of the Second Triumvirate who was Ceasar’s 18-year-old grandnephew, adopted son, and heir?

A

Octavian

69
Q

Who was the member of the Second Triumvirate who was a Roman general who joined forces with Antony and Octavian, but was eventually forced out of the alliance?

A

Lepidus

70
Q

What was the alliance of Mark Antony, Octavian, and Lepidus known as?

A

the Second Trimuvirate

71
Q

Who was Rome’s greatest orator and statesman who was assassinated as the first act of the Second Triumvirate?

A

Cicero

72
Q

What was one of history’s most decisive battle where Octavian defeated Antony’s fleet?

A

Battle of Actium

73
Q

What were some of the titles of Octavian?

A

Princeps, Caesar, Imperator, Pontifex Maximus, and Augustus

74
Q

Which of Octavian’s titles meant “first citizen”?

A

Princeps

75
Q

Which of Octavian’s titles meant “the heir of a distinguished Roman family”?

A

Caesar

76
Q

Which of Octavian’s titles meant “emperor”?

A

Imperator

77
Q

Which of Octavian’s titles meant “supreme pontiff”?

A

Pontifex Maximus

78
Q

Which of Octavian’s titles meant “revered” and was a title of deity?

A

Augustus

79
Q

How did the New Testament refer to Octavian?

A

Caesar Augustus

80
Q

Who was the Roman emperor who ruled when Jesus Christ was born?

A

Caesar Augustus

81
Q

When and where was Jeus Christ born?

A

4 B.C. in Bethlehem of Judea

82
Q

What was the 200 years of peace and prosperity in the Mediterranea world during which commerce flourished and law and order generally prevailed?

A

Pax Romana

83
Q

What was the series of rulers of succeeded Caesar Augustus?

A

Claudian emperors

84
Q

Who was the Claudian emperor who ruled the emperor during the earthly ministry of Jesus Christ and at the time of the Saviour’s death, resurrection, and ascension in A.D. 30?

A

Tiberius

85
Q

Who was the successor of Tiberius who is remembered for appointing his favorite horse to the Senate?

A

Caligula

86
Q

Who began the first great outbreak of persecution against the New Testament church?

A

Nero

87
Q

Who was the Flavian empire who emerged victorious and helped to restore political and economic stability to the Roman Empire?

A

Vespian

88
Q

Who were Vespian’s two sons?

A

Titus and Domintion

89
Q

Who was the Flavian Emperor who captured Jerusalem in eighty seventy as prophesied by Christ some forty years earlier?

A

Titus

90
Q

What was the volcano that erupted in southern Italy and completely buried the Roman cities of Herculaneum, Pompeii, and Stabiae?

A

Mount Vesuvius

91
Q

Who were the “five good emperors”?

A

Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antonius Pius, and Marcus Aurelius

92
Q

Which of the “five good emperors” had the reign which was the last important revival of the Senate’s power in Roman political affairs?

A

Nerva

93
Q

Which of the “five good emperors” extended the empires frontiers to Dacia, north of the Danube River, and to Mesopotamia”?

A

Trajan

94
Q

Which of the “five good emperors” is remembered for the construction of Hadrian’s wall?

A

hadrian

95
Q

What was a stonewall in northern Britain built to protect the empires frontiers against raids by the fierce Pics and Scots?

A

Hadrian’s wall

96
Q

Which of the “five good emperors” completed a similar fortification to the north of Hadrian’s wall?

A

Antonius Pius

97
Q

Which of the “five good emperors” was a stoic philosopher who was renowned for his book meditations?

A

Marcus Aunulius

98
Q

What were the emperors called who were actually rival generals placed upon the throne for a time by warring armies?

A

“barracks emperors”

99
Q

What type of tribesmen breached the frontiers of the empire and began ravaging gall, Spain, Britain, and Dacia?

A

Germanic

100
Q

Who was the Roman emperor who came to power in A.D. 284 when the period of anarchy had reached its climax and instituted various reforms that held the tottering empire together for another 200 years?

A

diocletian

101
Q

Who was the Roman Emperor who became the Augustus of the west with his capital at Milan in northern Italy?

A

Maximian

102
Q

What was the empire further subdivided into?

A

Prefectures

103
Q

Who ruled each of the four prefectures and served under one of the Augusti?

A

Prefects

104
Q

What did each prefecture consist of?

A

dioceses

105
Q

What did each dioceses consist of?

A

Provinces

106
Q

Who ruled each province?

A

A governor

107
Q

Who was the Roman Emperor who made Christianity a legal religion throughout the empire?

A

Constantine the first

108
Q

What was the inscription that was seen in a supposed vision in the sky seen by Constantine?

A

“In Hoc Signo, Vinces!”

109
Q

What was the edict issued in AD 313 and proclaimed equal rights for all religions?

A

Edict of Milan

110
Q

What was the Council that created institutional unity in the Church?

A

Council of Nicaea

111
Q

What was the name of Constantine’s new capital?

A

Byzantium

112
Q

What was the new name of Byzantium?

A

Constantinople

113
Q

Which of the Roman empires (E or W) was to endure for over a millennium?

A

Eastern Roman Empire

114
Q

Who was the Roman Emperor who permanently divided the Roman Empire into the east and W Empire in AD 395?

A

Theodosios I

115
Q

Who was the leader of the Visigoths in the invasion of Italy and led in the destruction of Rome?

A

Alaric

116
Q

Where did the Visigoths kill the emperor of Valans and cut his army to pieces?

A

Adrianople

117
Q

Who were the tribesmen who ravaged North Africa?

A

Vandals

118
Q

Who were the tribesmen who began their invasion of Britain?

A

Angles, Saxons, and Jutes

119
Q

Who were the barbarian invaders from central Asia?

A

Huns

120
Q

Who was the leader of the Huns who was known as the “scourge of God”?

A

Attila

121
Q

Who removed the last Roman emperor in AD 476?

A

Odoacer

122
Q

Who was the last Roman emperor?

A

Romulus Augustulus

123
Q

What were Rome’s greatest contributions to civilization?

A

the Latin language, Roman law, and republican government

124
Q

What was the everyday Latin language?

A

vernacular or vulgar

125
Q

What did the vernacular Latin language give rise to?

A

Romance languages

126
Q

What classical, literacy Latin continued as the language of churches, schools, and monasteries after the fall of Rome that was spoken and understood by churchmen and scholars all over western Europe?

A

medieval Latin

127
Q

What is still used in legal and scientific terminology and is the source of about one half of the words in the English language?

A

Latin

128
Q

What was the age from the birth of Cicero to the death of Augustus in which Roman writers produced their greatest works?

A

Golden Age of Latin Literature

129
Q

Who was a master of Latin prose and wrote numerous letters, rhetorical treatises, philosophical works and orations?

A

Cicero

130
Q

What is an eloquent statement of the political theory underlying the Roman republic?

A

On the Commonwealth

131
Q

Who was the greatest poet of the Golden Age?

A

Virgil

132
Q

What is an epic poem that describes the legendary events that led to the founding of Rome and ranks as one of the greatest masterpieces of Latin literature?

A

Aeneid

133
Q

Who became Rome’s leading poet after Virgil’s death?

A

Horace

134
Q

What was the beautiful lyric that Horace is especially known for?

A

Odes

135
Q

Who was another poet of the Golden Age who greatly influenced English writers?

A

Ovid

136
Q

What was the work that transmitted classical Greco-Roman mythology to the modern world?

A

Metamorphoses

137
Q

Who was the historian who portrayed the lives of the 12 Roman rulers from Julius Ceasar to Domintion?

A

Suetonius

138
Q

Who was the Greek biographer who is best known for his masterpiece Parallel Lives?

A

Plutarch

139
Q

What was a collection of 16 biographies arranged in groups of two in which a Greek orator, statesman, or writer is paired with a Roman of similar occupation?

A

Parallel Lives

140
Q

What is the notion that all law derives from a single central source?

A

single sovereignty

141
Q

What is the principle that all men share a common human nature?

A

equity

142
Q

What is the principle that laws should be sufficiently flexible to fir a large number of particular case?

A

equity

143
Q

What clarified a millennium of Roman legal documents?

A

Justinian Code

144
Q

What was Rome’s most lasting contribution to Western civiliation?

A

law

History (12 decks)

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