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Chapter 15 Flashcards

1
Q

What did many converted peasants do in a spirit of humility and restraint send to Martin Luther?

A

a list of their grievances

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2
Q

What was the advice that Luther gave to the peasants in response to their list of grievances?

A

to be patient

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3
Q

What was the advice that Luther gave to the nobles in response to the nobles’ list of grievances?

A

to give up some of their tyranny and oppression

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4
Q

What point was Luther trying to get across when he responded to the nobles and the peasants?

A

Christianity must not be thought of as a revolutionary political movement

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5
Q

What was the revolt that broke out as a result of neither the nobles nor the peasants taking Luther’s advice?

A

Peasants’ Revolt

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6
Q

What was the original intent of the Peasants’ Revolt?

A

for the peasants to be treated like free men

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7
Q

What was the result of the Peasants’ Revolt?

A

the nobles took back what little freedom the peasants had to begin with and crushing them the rebellion

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8
Q

What was the first Protestant confession of faith?

A

Augsburg Confession

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9
Q

What was the statement of faith that the Lutherans presented to the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V?

A

Augsburg Confession

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10
Q

What was the compromise between the Romanists and the Lutherans that gave the official approval to the territorial, state-established church principle in Germany?

A

Peace of Augsburg

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11
Q

When was the Peace of Augsburg?

A

1555

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12
Q

What attempted to produce certain limited changes within the Roman Church?

A

Counter-Reformation

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13
Q

What were the main obejctives of the Counter-Reformation?

A

to prevent any more Catholics from becoming Protestants and to force as many Protestants as possible back into the Roman fold

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14
Q

What used torture and terror to obtain confessions of heresy from its Protestant’s victim?

A

Inquisition

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15
Q

Who was the Peasants’ Revolt against?

A

the nobles in Germany

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16
Q

What was a list of books which Roman Catholics were forbidden to read?

A

The Index of Prohibited Books

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17
Q

Who was the Spanish soldier who began a new religious organization called the Society of Jesus?

A

Ignatious Loyola

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18
Q

What was the “spiritual arm” for the Counter-Reformation whose goal was to form a group of man absolutely dedicated to the pope and the Roman church?

A

Society of Jesus

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19
Q

What was the Society of Jesus also known as?

A

Jesuits

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20
Q

What was the hallmark of Jesuit philosophy?

A

“The end justifies the means”

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21
Q

What reaffirmed the traditional Romanist doctrines while specifically denying the biblical teachings of the Protestant Reformation?

A

Council of Trent

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22
Q

Who was the grandson of Ferdinand and Isabela who became king of Spain?

A

Charles I

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23
Q

What did Charles I change his name to when he was elected as Holy Roman Emperor?

A

Charles V

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24
Q

Who was the king of Spain after his father Charles V who was more powerful than his father and was fanatically devoted to the Roman church?

A

Philip II

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25
Who was the king of Portugal who introduced the Inquisition to his country?
King John III
26
How did Philip II inherit Portugal?
when King John III died, Philip II conquered it
27
Was the Protestant Reformation able to take hold in Spain and Portugal?
no
28
What are some of the contributions that Spain and Portugal gave to the New World?
they transmitted their languages and imported countless goods
29
Who was Spain's most outstanding writer?
Miguel de Cervantes
30
What was Cervantes' most outstanding masterpiece that depict the exploits of a country squire who considered himself a knight at a time when knighthood was no longer in fashion?
Don Quiote
31
Who was Portugal's greatest writer?
Luiz de Camoes
32
What was Camoes' long epic poem that celebrate Portugal's history and heroes?
Os Lusidas Camoes
33
What are the countries of Holland and Belgium collectively known as?
Netherlands
34
What is the word that mean "low lands"?
Netherlands
35
What are damlike barriers of earth and stone?
dikes
36
What are the Netherlands also called because they lie below sea level?
Low Lands
37
What were the people of the Netherlands called?
Dutch or Hollanders
38
Who was the cruel leader of Spanish troops who was sent to the Netherlands to spread the Inquisition?
Duke of Alva
39
What was the ruling council set up by the Duke of Alva?
Council of Blood
40
Who was the leader of the repressed Dutch Protestants?
William the Silent
41
What was William the Silent the prince of?
Orange
42
What did the Dutch Protestants form when the broke away from Spain's ally, the Roman church?
Dutch Reformed Church
43
What did the seven Northern provinces of the Netherlands form?
the United Provinces of the Netherlands
44
When did the United Provinces declare the Netherlands to be independent of Spain?
1581
45
What did William the Silent come to be known as?
the "Father of Dutch Liberties"
46
What was the greatest event of the Tudor period in English history?
English Reformation
47
Who was the first Tudor king of England after he won the Battle of Bosworth Field, ending the Wars of the Roses?
Henry VII
48
Who was Henry VII's son who became king of England at the age of 18 and broke away from the Roman church?
Henry VIII
49
What was the name that Pope Leo X gave to Henry VIII because Henry was a devout Catholic?
"Defender of the Faith"
50
Who was Henry VIII's first wife who had given him only one surviving daughter?
Catherine of Aragon
51
Who was Henry VIII's second wife who gave him a daughter and was executed on the charges of adultery?
Anne Boleyn
52
Who translated the Bible into English along with John Wycliffe?
William Tyndale
53
What was the act that recognized Henry VIII as "the supreme head" of the English church?
Act of Supremacy
54
Who was Henry VIII's third wife who died while giving birth to Edward, the son Henry had desired?
Jane Seymour
55
Who was Henry's son who was only a child of nine when he came to the throne?
Edward VI
56
Who was the Protestant archbishop of Canterbury?
Thomas Cranmer
57
Who was the scholar who helped Cranmer spread the Protestant Reformation?
Nicholas Ridley
58
Who was the preach who helped Cranmer spread the Protestant Reformation?
Hugh Latimer
59
What was the book that was made up of prayer to be spoken or even sung?
Book of Common Prayer
60
Who was the first daughter of Henry VIII who became queen of England when Edward VI died?
Mary Tudor
61
What was the nickname that Mary Tudor was known as because she forced the people of England to suddenly change their religion to Romanism or face imprisonment, torture, or death?
"Bloody Mary"
62
What was is the classic book that depicts the deaths of Protestants who refused to convert back to Romanism?
Book of Martyrs
63
Who was the English historian who wrote the Book of Martyrs?
John Foxe
64
Who was the future monarch of Spain who Mary Tudor married and was known for his devotion to the Roman church and his fierce opposition to the Protestant movement?
Philip II
65
Who was the great granddaughter of Henry VII who was 16-year-old when she became one of the most extraordinary people involves in the English Reformation?
Lady Jane Grey
66
Who was the queen of England who won the acclaim of her country through her remarkable character and extraordinary performance and ruler of England?
Queen Elizabeth I
67
What was the affectionate nickname that the English people gave to Elizabeth I?
"Good Queen Bess"
68
What was the Church of England?
Anglican Church
69
Who was a series of laws which officially established many Protestant doctrines and practises?
Elizabethan Settlement
70
What were the three groups of people who were not satisfied with the Anglican church?
Catholics, Puritans, and Separatists
71
Which group wanted to purify the Church of England?
Puritans
72
Which group wanted to be separate from the official church altogether?
Separatists
73
Who was the Queen of Scots?
Mary Stuart
74
Who was Mary Stuart's French mother who wanted to keep Scotland Catholic and closely allied with France?
Mary of Guise
75
Why were the Catholics not satisfied with the Anglican church?
because they felt it was too intolerant of their beliefs
76
Why were the Puritans not satisfied with the Anglican church?
they felt that the Anglican church was still to Romanist in outlook
77
Why were the Separatists not satisfied with the Anglican church?
for the same reasons as the Puritans, but they wanted to separate altogether
78
Where did the Protestant Reformation open violently with the execution of preachers who urged reform?
Scottish Reformation
79
Who was the most outstanding leader of the Scottish Reformation?
John Knox
80
What was the independent Church of Scotland?
Scottish Presbyterian Church
81
Who was the infant son of Mary Stuart who was preferred as monarch instead of his mother?
James VI
82
Who was employed by Queen Elizabeth to build up the English navy?
Sir John Hawkins
83
Who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe?
Sir Francis Drake
84
What was the greatest navel force that the world had ever seen up to this point in time?
Invincible Armada
85
In what year did the English completely destroy the Invincible Armada?
1588
86
What has the reign of Queen Elizabeth come to be known as?
Elizabethan Age
87
Who is perhaps the greatest writer of all time?
William Shakespeare
88
Name at least three of Shakespear's famous plays.
Julius Caesar, Hamlet, and A Midsummer Night's Dream
89
What is an important poem that was published the year after the English victory over the Armada?
The Faerie Queene
90
Who wrote the Faerie Queene?
Edmund Spenser
91
Describe France by the beginning of the Protestant Reformation.
it was a strong nation-state with an unrestricted monarchy
92
Who were French Calvinist Protestants?
Huguenots
93
By the mid-1500s, how many French nobles had become Protestants?
nearly half
94
Who were the two kings who suppressed the Protestant Reformation from its beginning?
Francis I and Henry II
95
What is an assemble of nobles?
synod
96
Who were the three sons of Henry II who ruled for the next 30 years after his death?
Francis II, Charles IX, and Henry III
97
Who was the mother of the three sons of Henry II who attempted to rule for her young sons?
Catherine de Medicis
98
In the last four years of the 16th century, how many civil wars were fought in France?
nine
99
Who was the leader of the French Protestants who had previously won fame as a military leader?
Admiral Gaspard de Coligny
100
Who was the leader of the French Protestants who was the ruler of a small, independent kingdom in the area of the Pyrenees Mountains between Spain and France?
Henry of Navarre
101
Who was the leader of the Catholic forces in France?
Guise family
102
What was the edict that decreed the Huguenots could worship in public if they met outside the town limits and if they admitted royal official to inspect their services?
Edict of January
103
What was the most infamous episode of the French religious wars?
St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
104
When was the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre?
1572
105
Who was the first of the Bourbon line of French kings and the first Protestant king of France?
Henry IV
106
What was the edict that stipulated that Huguenots could live in towns or districts they chose, but could practice their faith only in specifically designated towns where Protestantism had previously been the prevailing religion?
Edict of Nantes
107
Who was Henry IV's second wife who attempted to rule when her husband was asssassinated?
Marie de Medicis
108
Who actually controlled the French government after Henry IV's assassination?
Cardinal Richelieu
109
Who was the young son of Marie de Medicis?
Louis XIII
110
What was the edict that allowed the Huguenots to retain their civil and religious rights but lost their fortified towns and armies and put the Huguenots to be in constant peril of losing all of their freedoms?
Peace of Alais
111
What was one of the most confusing and disastrous wars in history of Europe and was mainly a civil war in Germany and the Holy Roman Empire over internal religious and political issues?
Thirty Years' War
112
What are the dates for the Thirty Years' War?
1618-1648
113
Where did the Thirty Years' War begin?
Bohemia
114
Who was the Bohemian king who was a membre of the powerful Hapsburg royal family who was deposed of by the Protestants?
Ferdinand II
115
Who was the Lutheran king of Denmark who the Bohemian Protestants asked for assistance during the Thirty Years' War?
Christian IV
116
Who were Ferdinand II's best generals who dealt crushing defeats to the Danes?
Count of Tilly and Albrech Wallenstein
117
Who was the great Lutheran warrior-king of Sweden who turned the tide of the Thirty Years' War?
Gustavus Adolphus
118
Which battle in the Thirty Years' War did the Swedes defeat Wallenstein's mercenaries and killed Gustavus Adolphus, dashing the Swedish hopes of a Protestant confederation in northern Europe?
Battle of Lutzen
119
What was the treaty signed that ended the Thirty Years' War after years of negociation?
Peace of Westphalia
120
When was the Peace of Westphalia signed?
1648

History (25 decks)

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