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Chapter 22 Flashcards

1
Q

Who expanded the field of physics with the quantum theory of matter?

A

Max Planck

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2
Q

Who advanced the science of physics with his nuclear theory of the atom?

A

Ernest Rutherford

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3
Q

Who produced the planetary model of the atom?

A

Niels Bohr

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4
Q

Who revolutionized the scientific world with his theories of relativity?

A

Albert Einstein

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5
Q

Who is the best-remembered agricultural scientist?

A

George Washington Carver

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6
Q

Who was the Cuban physician who theorized that a particular kind of mosquito transmitted the yellow fever germs from one victim to another?

A

Dr. Carlos Finlay

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7
Q

Who were the two American army doctors who proved Finaly’s theory and took steps to eliminate yellow fever?

A

Walter Reed and William Gorgas

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8
Q

Who allowed the automobile to become practical for the common man?

A

Henry Ford

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9
Q

What was an inexpensive model made available to the public?

A

Model T

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10
Q

What was the process developed to increase speed and cut cost of production?

A

assembly line

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11
Q

Who was the one of the early pioneers in aviation who designed and built a dirigible?

A

Count Ferdinand von Zepplin

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12
Q

What was a rigid, lighter-than-air, “airship”?

A

dirigible

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13
Q

Who made the first successful airplane flight at Kitty Hawk?

A

Wilbur and Orville Wright

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14
Q

What was a direct result of the wireless telephone?

A

radio

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15
Q

What was the first commercial broadcasting station?

A

KDKA

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16
Q

What was the British luxury liner that sank in the Atlantic Ocean?

A

Titanic

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17
Q

When did the Titanic sink?

A

1912

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18
Q

Who led Germany and encouraged it to become eager to flex its muscles, expand, and demonstrate its strength to the older, established nations of Europe?

A

Kaiser Wilhelm II

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19
Q

What was the alliance formed by Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy?

A

Triple Alliance

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20
Q

What was the alliance consisting of France, Great Britain, and Russia?

A

Triple Entente

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21
Q

What was the crucible of European rivalry?

A

Balkan Peninsula

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22
Q

Who was the hir to the Austrian throne whose assassination led to the outbreak of World War I?

A

Archduke Francis Ferdinand

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23
Q

Who was the town in Bosnia where Archduke Francis Ferdinand was assassinated?

A

Sarajevo

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24
Q

What was the exact date that World War I began?

A

July 28, 1914

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25
What was World War I known as during this time?
the Great War
26
What did the Triple Entente become known as?
Allies
27
What did the Triple Alliance become known as?
Central Powers
28
Why did Italy refuse to fulfill her treaty obligations to aid Germany and Austria?
because they were fighting an offensive war
29
What was it called when French forces stopped the German advance in a stunning counteroffensive that drove the exhausted Germans back across the Marne River?
Miracle on the Marne
30
Where did the small but gallant British Expeditionary force lost over 50,000 men in its courageous defence against the German onslaught?
Ypres
31
What stretched for 600 miles from the English Channel to the Swiss Alps where the number of casualties mounted as trenches, machine guns, heavy artillery, and barbed wire came to dominate the battlefield?
Western Front
32
What was the battle in which the Germans attempted to crack the French defenses with a furious assault but ended in a disastrous deadlock?
Battle of Verdun
33
Who was the commander of Verdun's defenses whose forces put up such a determines defense that after six months of heavy fighting, the Germans had advanced only about four miles?
Henri Petain
34
What was the battle in which the British forces launched a massive offensive against the Germans at the Somme River in an attempt to relieve the pressure at Verdun?
Somme Offensive
35
What is a nickname for British soldiers?
tommies
36
Who were the two generals that became supreme commanders of all Central Powers forces?
Paul von Hindenburg and Erich von Ludendorff
37
What started the war in the Balkans?
when Austria-Hungary invaded Serbia
38
What was the result of mutinous soldiers who forced the czar to abdicate because of growing discontent over the war and established a Provincial Government?
Russian Revolution
39
Who was the leader of Communist revolutionaries and overthrew the Provincial Government in the Bolshevik Revolution to establish a Communist dictatorship in Russa?
Vladimir Lenin
40
What was the revolution led by Vladimir Lenin to overthrow the Provincial Government?
Bolshevik Revolution
41
What was the treaty signed by Vladimir Lenin and the Central Powers to take Russia out of the war?
Treaty of Brest-Litousk
42
Why did Italy join the Allies?
because they wanted to gain more land at the expanse of the Central Powers
43
What was the result of Italy joining the Allies?
they gained nothing but devastating casualties
44
Who was the British colonel who led Arab revolts against the Turkish rule in the Arabian Peninsula?
T. E. Lawrence
45
Who was the general who captured Jerusalem in December 1917?
Edmund Allenby
46
Who was England's first Lord of the Admiralty who organized the Gallipoli Campaign?
Winston Churchill
47
What was the largest British offensive in the East?
Gallipoli Campaign
48
What was the new weapon of war used by Germans to get around the blockade formed by the British navy?
submarine
49
What was the German submarine also called?
U-boat
50
What was the British luxury liner that was one of the first victims of submarine warfare?
Lusitania
51
What was the most important naval battle of the war that took place in the North Sea?
Battle of Jutland
52
What were piolets who shot down at least five enemy aircraft called?
aces
53
Who was among the most famous German aces in World War I who shot down 80 Allied planes?
Manfred von Richthofen
54
Who was among the most famous American aces in World War I who shot down 26 enemy planes?
Eddie Rickenbacker
55
What was the secret message that was intercepted by British agents which proposed that Mexico and Germany form an alliance in the United States entered the war?
Zimmerman Note
56
Who was the US president who convinced Congress to declare war on Germany?
Woodrow Wilson
57
When did Congress declare war on Germany?
1917
58
What was the nickname given to the famous long-range German guns?
Big Bertha
59
Who commanded the American Expeditionary Force?
John J. Pershing
60
What was the nickname given to American soldiers?
doughboys
61
Who was the supreme commander of the Allied armies?
Ferdinand Foch
62
What was the representative government that replace Kaiser Wilhelm II after he fled to the Netherlands?
Weimer Republic
63
When was Armistice Day?
November 11, 1918
64
About how many deaths were there in the aftermath of World War I?
13 million
65
What proposed a new program of international relations that was supposedly the "only possible program for world peace"?
Fourteen Points
66
What was the hope expressed by President Woodrow Wilson about World War I?
it was "the war to end all wars"
67
What were the four most influential men at the Versailles Peace Conference collectively known as?
Big Four
68
Who were the Big Four at the Versailles Peace Conference?
President Wilson, Prime Minister Lloyd of England, Premier Clemenceau of France, and Prime Minister Orlando of Italy
69
What was the proposed league that was supposedly the most critical step in maintaining future world peace?
League of Nations
70
What was the chief result of the Versailles Peace Conference that was a series of compromised with some of Wilson's Fourteen Points, including the covenant of the League of Nations?
Treaty of Versailles
71
What were the three main things that happened as a result of the Treaty of Versailles?
1) German territorial losses 2) Demilitarization of Germany 3) German reparation and admission of guilt
72
What was the only victor not to endorse the Treaty of Versailles or join the League of Nations?
the United States

History (25 decks)

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