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Chapter 23 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a form of socialism which advocates the violent overthrow of existing governments with the goal of changing society and ultimately perfecting mankind?

A

Communism

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2
Q

What does Communism always result in?

A

a totalitarian dictatorship

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3
Q

What is Communism also known as after its most infamous theorists Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin?

A

Marxism-Leninism

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4
Q

Who formulated the basic ideas of Communism?

A

Karl Marx

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5
Q

Who was the first to put Communism into practice on a wide scale?

A

Vladimir Lenin

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6
Q

Who organized Marx’s ideas into a pseudo-scientific format?

A

Friedrich Engels

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7
Q

What did Marx view history as a record of?

A

class stuggle

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8
Q

What did Marx blame as the source of class struggle?

A

ownership of private property

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9
Q

What is the supposed struggle between the “haves” and the “have nots”?

A

class struggle

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10
Q

What is the idea that nothing but the material alone determines how a person thinks, acts, feels, and believes?

A

dialectical materialism

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11
Q

What did Marx claim was the greatest driving force in history?

A

economics

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12
Q

What is the economic system based on the private ownership and control of business and industry?

A

capitalism

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13
Q

What was the economic system violently opposed by Marx?

A

capitalism

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14
Q

What is the middle class called?

A

bourgeoisie

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15
Q

What is the working class called?

A

proletariat

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16
Q

What is the economic system in which the government owns and controls business and industry?

A

socialism

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17
Q

What did Marx call the “opiate of the people”?

A

religion

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18
Q

Why did Marx call religion the “opiate of the people”?

A

because he believed that religion was a “drug” that made people content with less in this life because they expect happiness only in the next

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19
Q

What became the foundation of Communist ideology?

A

the secular humanism embraced by Marx and Engels

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20
Q

What was the pamphlet written by Karl Marx which laid out a program for Communist revolution?

A

The communist Manifesto

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21
Q

When did revolution break out in Germany?

A

1948

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22
Q

What is the Communist “god”?

A

the supposedly omniscience, omnipotent, Communist state

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23
Q

What contents that matter is eternal and is a continual process of evolutionary change?

A

materialism

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24
Q

How do Communists state that they intent to complete the “perfect” course of evolution?

A

by remaking man’s nature and society by means of social engineering, psychological conditioning, and genetic manipulations

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25
What was organized by Karl Marx with representatives from all over Europe?
First International
26
What was the book written by Karl Marx that offered a theoretical foundation for Communist ideology?
Das Kapital
27
What is the modern-day capital of Ukraine where the Slavs first settled?
Kiev
28
What was the Viking tribe who invaded the region claimed by the Slavs?
Rus
29
For what tribe is Russia named?
Rus
30
What was the city that rose to prominence during the reign of the Mongol empire?
Moscow
31
Who was the prince of Moscow who was the first national leader of a united Russia?
Ivan III
32
Who was the grandson of Ivan IV who took the title czar and inisiate feudalism?
Ivan the Terrible
33
At the dawn of the Modern Age, what political system was Russia embracing?
feudalism
34
What was the new class of people in Russia that feudalism introduced?
serfs
35
Who began the Romanov dynasty when he became czar>
Michael Romanov
36
What was the region of the Pacific coast that the Russian territorial expansion grew to?
Siberia
37
Who was the greatest and most capable of the Romanov czars?
Peter the Great
38
What did Peter the Great call himself in addition to czar?
emperor
39
What was the port city that was built by Peter the Great that served as his new capital and as his "window to the world"?
St. Petersburg
40
Who was the Russian empress who embraced western ideas, especially those of the French philosopher Voltaire?
Catherine the Great
41
Who successfully led Russia in a long and vicious struggle with Napoleon?
Alexander I
42
What were the two territories that Russia attempted to colonize in North America?
Alaska and the Oregon Territory
43
Who was Alexander I's successor who immediately faced trouble from revolutionaries in the Decembrist Revolt?
Nicholas I
44
By whose death had Russia become the largest country in the world?
Alexander I
45
What was the war that ended up being a failure for Russia, which resulted in a loss of both land and prestige?
Crimean War
46
Who was the emperor who became known as the "Czar Liberator" because he freed the serfs?
Alexander II
47
Who was the murdered czar's son and successor who was determines to crush all opposition to the throne?
Alexander III
48
What were organized, periodic massacres that Alexander III subjected the Jews in Russia to?
pogroms
49
Who was the czar that succeeded Alexander III but proved to be a weak ruler who showed little strength of character in the face of serious political problems?
Nicholas II
50
What was the brief conflict of control of Manchuria where the czar lost must prestige after Russia's unexpected and humiliating defeat by Japan?
Russo-Japanese War
51
What was the killing of several hundred people at the czar's palace which spread several mutinies in the military and a general workers' strike that paralyzed the nation?
Blood Sunday
52
What was the elected legislate body that had limited powers?
Duma
53
What was the government set up by the Duma resembling a Western representative democracy?
Provisional Government
54
Who was the leader of the Provisional Government?
Alexander Kerensky
55
Who was the most dangerous Communist revolutionary in Russia who became a zealous convert to Marxism during his days at the university?
Vladimir Lenin
56
What was one Communist group who wanted abroad party membership that included socialists and liberal democrats and advocated more peaceful methods for social change?
Mensheviks
57
What was a Communist group who followed Lenin's theory of a party restricted to professional revolutionaries?
Bolsheviks
58
Who was Lenin's chief henchman?
Leon Trotsky
59
What was the military force created by the Bolsheviks to stir up trouble?
Red Guards
60
What was the revolution which successfully toppled the Provisional Government?
Bolshevik Revolution
61
When was the Bolshevik Revolution?
1917
62
What was the first Communist state in history?
Russia
63
What was the secret police force created by Lenin to bring the Russian people under the heel of Communism?
Cheka
64
What were those who opposed the Communists called?
White Russians
65
What were those who favored the Communists called?
Red Russians
66
What was formed by Leon Trotsky during the summer of 1918 to combat the White Russians?
Red Army
67
Who did the Bolsheviks murder during the civil war in Russia?
Nicholas II and his family
68
What was the ruling elite of the Communist party that was led by Lenin?
Central Committee
69
Did human life have any value to Communists?
no
70
What was the terrorist organization dedicated to inciting Communist revolution and establishing a worldwide Communist state?
Third International
71
What was the economic policy which attempted to centralize all of Russia's economic assets under the control of the Communist party?
War Communism
72
What was the form of state capitalism which was a temporary retreat from Communism?
New Economic Policy
73
What was the group created to bring all of the non-Russia nationalities under the centralized Communist regime?
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
74
When was the USSR created by Lenin?
1922
75
Who proved to be one of the most brutal rulers of all time?
Joseph Stalin
76
After Vladimir Lenin died, which two men fought for power?
Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky
77
What replaced the NEP whose goal was to transform the Soviet Union from a background agrarian country into an individual and military superpower?
Five-Year Plan
78
What means forcing small, private farms to bank together into large collective farms supervises by appointed managers?
collectivized
79
What is the region where famine in Russia struck hardest?
Ukraine
80
What is the extermination of a political, cultural, or ethnic group?
genocide
81
About how many men, women, and children died in Stalin's forced collectivization of Russian agricultural?
10 million
82
About how many people perished under Lenin's War Communsism?
7 million
83
Who chronicled and documented many of Stalin's crimes against God and humanity?
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
84
What rooted out anyone who proposed even the slightest threat to Stalin's authority?
Great Purge
85
What was the council of workers, soldiers, and peasants established by the Bolsheviks of all over Russia?
soviets

History (25 decks)

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