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History > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the rugged and mountainous peninsula that extends into the Mediterranea Sea?

A

Balkan Peninsula

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2
Q

What two seas lie on the east of the Balkan Peninsula?

A

Aegean Sea and Black Sea

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3
Q

What sea lies on the west side of the Balkan Peninsula?

A

Ionian Sea

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4
Q

What nearly divides mainland Greece in two?

A

the Gulf of Corinth

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5
Q

What are the two prominent regions of ancient Greece?

A

Attica and Peloponesus

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6
Q

What are the earliest cultures of Europe that developed along the shores and on the islands of the Aegean Sea collectively known as?

A

Aegean Civilization

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7
Q

What culture was located on the island of Crete?

A

Minoans

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8
Q

What culture was located on the Greek mainland?

A

Mycenaeans

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9
Q

What culture was located in the city of Troy and its surroundings along the Hellespont in Asia Minor?

A

Trojans

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10
Q

Who developed the first important European civilization after the Flood?

A

Minoans

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11
Q

Who was the legendary king of the Minoans?

A

King Minos

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12
Q

What was the legendary capital of King Minos?

A

Knossos

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13
Q

What city were the Mycenaeans named for?

A

Mycenae

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14
Q

Who were the new wave of barbarian invaders that overwhelmed the Mycenaean culture?

A

Dorians

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15
Q

What were the Mycenaeans known as after they escaped to Asia Minor and Attica?

A

Ionians

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16
Q

What was the people group who emerged from the fusion of the earlier Mycenaeans and the later Dorians during the Greek “dark age”?

A

Hellenes

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17
Q

What is a famous large wooden horse during the Trojan War the held soldiers?

A

Trojan Horse

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18
Q

Who was a bard who may have been blind who has influenced Greek culture more than any other single poet?

A

Homer

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19
Q

What were two of Homer’s epic poems that are still widely read and admires that recount the events of the Trojan War?

A

Iliad and the Odessey

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20
Q

Which of Homer’s two epic poems describes the heroic deeds of the ancient Greeks in their war against Troy?

A

Iliad

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21
Q

Which of Homer’s two epic poems recounts the adventures of a brave Greek warrior Odysseus?

A

Odessey

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22
Q

Where did the Greek gods supposedly live?

A

Mount Olympus

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23
Q

Who was the chief and father of the gods who was associated with thunder and lightning?

A

Zeus

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24
Q

Who were beings that differed from the gods only in being mortal and less powerful?

A

heroes

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25
Q

Who was the invincible Greek warrior who died when a poisoned arrow pierced his heel, his only vulnerable spot?

A

Achilles

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26
Q

What was a city that was formed by tribes and villiages coming together?

A

polis

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27
Q

What was a hilltop fortress surrounding a typical polis that not only provided refuge from enemy attacks, but also serves as the seat of government and religion?

A

acropolis

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28
Q

What part of the polis stood in the shadow of the acropolis and was a marketplace, a busy concourse of commerce, conversation, and debate?

A

agora

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29
Q

What part of the polis was a place of physical training and games of skill that most Greek cities had?

A

gymnasium

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30
Q

What was an outdoor theater in the polis?

A

amphitheater

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31
Q

What did the Greeks call those who did not speak their language?

A

barbarians

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32
Q

What were contests of skill held every four years at Olympia in honor of Zeus?

A

Olympic games

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33
Q

What was the year of the first Olympic games that marked the first year of the Greek calendar?

A

776 B.C.

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34
Q

What was the period in between Olympics called?

A

Olympiad

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35
Q

Who was the new Persian king who crushed the Ionian revolt?

A

Darius I

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36
Q

What three cities refused Darius’s demands?

A

Athens, Sparta, and Eritrea

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37
Q

What are the dates for the Greco-Persian Wars?

A

490 - 479 B.C.

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38
Q

What began in the summer of 490 B.C. when Darius sent a fleet of 600 ships with 25,000 men to Greece?

A

Greco-Persian Wars

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39
Q

What city was located about a day’s march from Athens where the Athenians drove the Persians back to their ships?

A

Marathon

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40
Q

What battle in the Greco-Persian Wars proved that the Persians could be defeated?

A

the Battle of Marathon

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41
Q

Who was Darius’s son who was determined to conquer Greece and has an army that was so vast that only a portion of it could sail by ship?

A

Xerxes I

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42
Q

What was a narrow mountain pass in central Greece near the Aegean Sea where the Greeks were able to hold off the Persian invaders for three days?

A

Thermopylae

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43
Q

Who was the Spartan leader who bravely led 300 Spartans at the Battle of Thermopylae to delay the Persian army?

A

Leonidas

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44
Q

What was the island where the citizens of Athens had evacuated to in the Greco-Persian Wars?

A

Salamis

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45
Q

Who was the brilliant Athenians who tricked Xerxes into fighting a naval battle in the narrow strait between the mainland and the island of Salamis?

A

Themisocles

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46
Q

What was the first major naval battle in world history?

A

Battle of Salamis

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47
Q

In what battle did the Greeks defeat the Persians in 479 B.C.?

A

Battle of Plataea

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48
Q

Why was Xerxes’ defeat in Greece a turning point in world history?

A

because it ensured that Greek culture would continue to thrive in the west

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49
Q

What was the first city government in Greece?

A

One resembling the structure of the Greek family

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50
Q

What means rule by one?

A

Monarchy

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51
Q

Who advised the monarch?

A

the Counsil of Elders and the Assembly

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52
Q

What was a mass meeting where all the citizens gathered about the king and the elders to discuss political affairs?

A

the Assembly

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53
Q

What means rule by the best?

A

Aristocracy

54
Q

In an aristocracy, who thought themselves better than the ordinary citizen because of their noble birth and important religious rule?

A

aristocrats

55
Q

What was a new form of government which means rule by the few, but in practice usually meant rule by the few rich?

A

Oligarchy

56
Q

What is row by one man who has ceased power by rebellion and insurrection?

A

Tyranny

57
Q

What means rule by the many are the common people but in practice did not mean rule by all?

A

Democracy

58
Q

Who were not considered citizens and could take no part in government in a democracy?

A

Women, slaves, and men born outside the city-state

59
Q

With what form of government did the Spartan society stop?

A

Oligarchy

60
Q

What were the three classes of the Spartan society?

A

the ruling class, the middle class, and the helots

61
Q

Who were the Spartans slaves?

A

helots

62
Q

What was the chief accomplishment of Sparta which was an alliance with Corinth, Megara, and other cities in the Peloponnesus?

A

Peloponnesian League

63
Q

Who was the last monarch of Athens who died around 1050 B.C.?

A

Codrus

64
Q

Who was a member of the royal family that was chosen to rule?

A

archon

65
Q

Who was the man that was selected in 620 BC to prepare a code of law that were said to be so merciless that they were written in blood; every offense was punishable by death?

A

Draco

66
Q

Who was the elected Arkan in 594 BC who repealed the harsh edicts of Draco, relieved debtors, redeemed many slaves, forbade parents so upon their children, ordained every father to teach his sons a trade, and required sons to support their aged father if he had educated them?

A

Solon

67
Q

What was the court that was made up of only arcons and was called so because it met on a hill known by that name?

A

Court of Areopagus

68
Q

Who was a nobleman aspiring to office who seized control of the city and became the first tyrant of Athens?

A

Peisistratus

69
Q

Who was the new champion of the common people after Peisistratus dies who extended citizenship to more people and raised membership in the Counsil to 500?

A

Cleisthenes

70
Q

What is the practice by which a quorum of citizens could vote to banish for 10 years any person believed to be dangerous?

A

ostracism

71
Q

Who brought Athenians democracy to its fullest measure?

A

Pericles

72
Q

What type of government was where the citizens elect a few men who represent them in government?

A

representative democracy

73
Q

What type of government was where the citizens made the big decisions of government themselves, not indirectly through representatives?

A

direct democracy

74
Q

What was the age of Pericles also called?

A

The “Golen Age of Greece”

75
Q

Because they expected more trouble from the Persians, what was the name of the league formed by Athens that eventually became the Athenian empire?

A

Delian League

76
Q

What were the years for the Peloponnesian War?

A

431-404 B.C.

77
Q

Who won the Peloponnesian War?

A

Sparta

78
Q

What was the outcome of the Peloponnesian War?

A

the Greek city-states became independent again

79
Q

What was the kingdom located on the northern fringes of ancient Greece?

A

Macedonia

80
Q

Who became the king of Macedonia who aspired to become the master of all Greece?

A

Philip II

81
Q

Who was the famous orator and statesman who tried in vain to unite his fellow Greeks against the Macedonian threat?

A

Demosthenes

82
Q

What was the league started by Philip II after he conquered the Greeks, but allowed them to retain a considerable degree of self-governement?

A

Hellenic League

83
Q

Who was Philip’s son who assumed the Macedonian throne after the assassination of his father?

A

Alexandar the Great

84
Q

When did Alexandar the Great cross the Hellespont to begin his conquest of the mighty Persian Empire?

A

334 B.C.

85
Q

What was the name of some 16 Greek cities that Alexander the Great named after himself?

A

Alexandria

86
Q

What was Alexander the Great’s most lasting contribution to world history?

A

his spreading of the Greek culture

87
Q

What did Alexander the Great’s spreading of Greek culture accomplish?

A

it helped prepare the world for the coming of Jesus Christ

88
Q

Which of Alexander’s generals received Egypt?

A

Ptolemy

89
Q

Which of Alexander’s generals received Thrace and the western part of Asia Minor?

A

Lysimachus

90
Q

Which of Alexander’s generals received Syria, Mesopotamia, and Persia?

A

Seleucus

91
Q

Which of Alexander’s generals received Macedonia and part of Greece?

A

Cassander

92
Q

What is the Greek age from 700s B.C. until the Macedonians conquered Greece in 338 B.C.?

A

Hellenic Age

93
Q

Who was the Greek philosopher who summed up the humanistic way of thinking in ancient Greece by saying, “Man is the measure of all things”?

A

Protagoras

94
Q

Who was a well-educated slave who was charged with the boy’s manners and morals when the boy was at school?

A

pedagogue

95
Q

What were the main textbooks in Greek education?

A

Homer’s Iliad and the Odessey

96
Q

What was the greatest among the Athenian temples dedicated to Athena, the goddess of Athens?

A

Parthenon

97
Q

Who was the Greek “Father of History”?

A

Herodotus

98
Q

Who was the first great Greek poet who lived in the early portion of the Hellenic Age and wrote epic poetry?

A

Homer

99
Q

Who was one legendary Greek writer who, according to Herodotus, was a freed slave living in the sixth century B.C.?

A

Aesop

100
Q

What is a brief story used to teach a moral?

A

fable

101
Q

What type of Greek drama that often portrayed man as a victim of fate and circumstances, is devoid of free will, and is not responsible for his own actions?

A

tragedy

102
Q

Who wrote two of the greatest tragedies?

A

Sophocles

103
Q

What are two of the greatest tragedies?

A

Oedipus Rex and Antigone

104
Q

Who was the famous comic dramatist who used his plays to satirize political and cultural life in Athens?

A

Aristophanes

105
Q

What did the Greek used to call science?

A

natural philosophy

106
Q

Who was the Greek scientist who discovered important mathematical concepts still used in geometry today?

A

Pythogoras

107
Q

Who was the Greek scientist who developed a theory that all matter is composed of individual atoms?

A

Democritus

108
Q

Who was the “Father of Medicine” who conducted experiments and concluded that disease results from rationally explainable causes?

A

Hippocrates

109
Q

What is a high code of ethics still taken by many medical school graduates today?

A

Hippocratic Oath

110
Q

What literally means “lovers of wisdom”?

A

philosphers

111
Q

What were the early philosophers called?

A

sophists

112
Q

What means those that belived thaat here are no absolute truths?

A

relativists

113
Q

Who was dissatisfied with the sophists who began to search for absolutes and approached philosophy with the question “What is the best way to live?”?

A

Socrates

114
Q

What are ultimate foundational truths?

A

absolutes

115
Q

Who was one of Socrates’ students who attempted to find an explanation for the obvious order, deisgn, and purpose in the universe?

A

Plato

116
Q

What was Plato’s most famous work in which he attempted to show how man could have order in society and in his soul?

A

The Republic

117
Q

Who concluded that the order of the universe must have come from God?

A

Aristotle

118
Q

Who did Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle ultimately place at the center of all things?

A

man

119
Q

What is the period of nearly 300 years from the death of Alexander the Great in 323 B.C. to the Roman conquest of Egypt, the last remnant of Alexander’s empire in 30 B.C.?

A

Hellenistic Age

120
Q

What were the years of the Hellenistic Age?

A

323 BC - 30 BC

121
Q

Who founded the school of philosophy known as Stoicism?

A

Zeno

122
Q

What is the religion that teaches that man should live according to reason, obey the law of nature, seek to do lasting good, honor all men as brothers, and remain indifferent to the pleasures and pains of life?

A

Stoicism

123
Q

Who taught that the highest good of man was to live a life of calm pleasure regulated by morality, temperance, serenity, and person development?

A

Epicurus

124
Q

Who were the followers of Epicurus who later came to emphasize indulgence of one’s bodily appetites and the physical pleasures of life?

A

Epicureans

125
Q

Who was an astronomer who proposed that the earth revolves around the sun?

A

Aristarchus of Samos

126
Q

Who systematized the theorems of plane geometry?

A

Euclid

127
Q

Who was the greatest astronomical observer of antiquity who formulated the basic prinicples of trigonomety?

A

Hippocrates

128
Q

Who made important contributions to mathemaics, engineering, and physics?

A

Archemedes

129
Q

Who calculated the circumference of the earth with astounding accuracy?

A

Eratosthenes of Cyrene

130
Q

Who was a Greek geographer and historian who lived at the end of the Hellenistic Age and left behind his a 17-volume of Geography in which he described all parts of the known world at the beginning of the Chrisitan Era?

A

Strabo

131
Q

What were the two alphabets that were derived from the Greek alphabet?

A

Cyrillic alphabet and Latin or the Roman alphabet

History (12 decks)

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