Chapter 18 Flashcards
1
Q
What was the one fundamental difference between England and France?
A
the influence of biblical Christianity
2
Q
Who was the only son of Mary Queen of Scots who was decided by royal officials to unite the crowns of Scotland and England?
A
James I
3
Q
Who was the first Stuart monarch of England?
A
James I
4
Q
What is the belief that since kings were appointed by God, they were above all men and their laws?
A
divine right of kings
5
Q
What type of church government is ruled by bishops?
A
episcopal
6
Q
What type of church government occurs when ministers and presbyters rule the church through a series of representatie bodies?
A
presbyterian
7
Q
What was one group of Separatists who fled from England to Holland in 1609 to escape persecution and later to America in 1620?
A
Pilgrims
8
Q
What is the best-loved and most widely used translation of God’s Word ever produced?
A
King James Bible
9
Q
What is another name for the King James Bible?
A
Authorized Version
10
Q
What are the two territories that England had claimed in North America by failed to colonize during the late 1500s?
A
New England and Virginia
11
Q
What was the first permanent English settlement in the New World?
A
Jamestown
12
Q
When was Jamestown established?
A
1607
13
Q
What was the New England colony that was established by English Separatists fleeing persecution?
A
Plymouth
14
Q
When was Plymouth established?
A
1620
15
Q
Who was James I’s son who became king following his father’s death?
A
Charles I
16
Q
What reaffirmed the liberties and rights which Englishmen had won in the past?
A
Petition of Right
17
Q
What was the time when England moved away from a limited, representative government to an absolute and irrepressible monarchy?
A
Eleven-Years’ Tyrrany
18
Q
Who was the archbishop of Canterbury who was appointed by Charles I?
A
William Laud
19
Q
What was the colony established by many Puritans who left England and took refuge in America in 1630?
A
Massachusetts
20
Q
When was Massachusetts established?
A
1630
21
Q
What was established by the people in Scotland that pledged to resist any attempt to change their religious institutions without their consent?
A
National Covenant
22
Q
What was the 13-year period during which Parliament sat in session?
A
Long Parliament
23
Q
What was the document stating additional grievances against the king?
A
Grand Remonstrance
24
Q
What were those who supported Parliament called during the English Civil War called?
A
Roundheads
25
What were those who supported the king during the English Civil War called?
Cavaliers
26
What began when the king raised his banner in the town of Nottingham?
English Civil War
27
When did the English Civil War begin?
1642
28
What was the Puritan who was placed in command of Parliament's armies and quickly began to acquire a reputation as a military genius?
Oliver Cromwell
29
What was the nickname that Cromwell's army earned?
Ironsides
30
What was the battle during the English Civil War where Cromwell personally led a charge that routed a Cavalier army?
Battle of Marston Moor
31
What was the climax of the English Civil War when the Roundheads decisively defeated the Cavaliers?
Battle of Naseby
32
What declared King Charles I guilty of treason and had him beheaded?
Rump Parliament
33
What was England's new government that was proclaimed a republic?
Commonwealth
34
What is a government ruled by elected representatives of the people?
republic
35
What was the new government set up by Cromwell after he dissolved Parliament?
Protectorate
36
Who was the Puritan scholar who produced England's greatest epic?
John Milton
37
What was England's greatest epic?
Paradise Lost
38
Who was the Puritan preacher who was the greatest prose writer of the age?
John Bunyan
39
What is England's greatest allegory?
Pilgrim's Progress
40
What has been read in English more than any other book except the Bible?
Pilgrim's Progress
41
What type of poets wrote about the mind, the soul, and eternity with much passion, logic, and imagery in order to express spiritual truths?
Metaphysical poets
42
What type of poets wrote lyrical poems about love and the pleasures of this world?
Cavalier poets
43
Who succeeded his father as Lord Protector but quickly fell from power?
Richard Cromwell
44
Who was the exiled son of Charles I who had been living in France since the end of the English Civil War?
Charles II
45
What was the treaty signed by Charles II without Parliament's knowledge that agreed to obtain toleration for English Catholics and to join the Roman church himself?
Treaty of Dover
46
What was the group that arose in Parliament to oppose Charles II as he became increasingly pro-Catholic?
Whigs
47
Who became the new king of England after his brother Charles II died and tried unsuccessfully to reimpose Romanism on England?
James II
48
Who was the great-grandson of William the Silent who was chosen by Parliament to be the new king of England?
William III
49
Who was the Protestant daughter of James II who became queen of England?
Mary II
50
What permanently established English traditional political liberties?
English Bill of Rights
51
What took an important step toward true religious freedom in England?
Toleration Act
52
What was the bloodless transition of government in England that secured the traditional rights and liberties of the English people?
Glorious Revolution
53
When did the Glorious Revolution take place?
1688
54
Who was Mary II's sister who was the last Stuart monarch of England?
Anne
55
When was the official union of England and Scotland's government?
1707
56
What was the established in 1707 when the governments of England and Scotland were united?
United Kingdom of Great Britain
57
Who was the German Lutheran pastor who started the Pietist movement?
Philipp Spener
58
What were those who attended assemblies of piety known as?
Pietists
59
Who was a young professor at the German University of Leipzig who was profoundly affected by the Pietist movement?
August Francke
60
Who were German Baptists who broke with the state church?
Brethren
61
What was the headquarters for Moravian missionary activities?
Herrnhut
62
What was the group originally founded by John
Huss that was later revived by Pietism?
Moravians
63
What was an important Moravian leader who was a great young German nobleman?
Count Nicholas von Zinzendorf
64
What was the spiritual revival called in America?
Great Awakening
65
Who was the pastor of the Congregational church in Northampton, Massachusetts under whose preaching the Great Awakening began in earnest?
Jonathan Edwards
66
What was Jonathan Edwards's most famous sermon?
"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"
67
Who was the best-known Great Awakening evangelist?
George Whitefield
68
Who was the great English revivalist through whom revival came to England?
John Wesley
69
What was the late 17th and early 18th centuries in England known as because several English philosophers and writers adopted forms of rationalism, deism, and other humanistic philosophies?
Age of Reason
70
Who was one of the most important philosophers of the Age of Reason who believed in the idea of empiricism?
John Locke
71
What is the belief that experience is the only source of knowledge?
empiricism
72
Who was a philosopher during the Age of Reason who promoted the philosophy of skepticism?
David Hume
73
What is the idea that to know truth is impossible and that knowledge is uncertain?
skepticism
74
Who was the brother of John Wesley who wrote nearly 6500 songs?
Charles Wesley
75
What was the nickname given to the Wesley's' club because of their pious meetings and well-ordered methods of conduct?
Methodist
76
What was the church founded by John Wesley that became one of the largest denominations in both England and America?
Methodist church
77
Who was the statesman who led the movement in England to abolish slavery?
William Wilberforce
78
Who was a famous hymnwriter who gave up his life as a slave trader?
John Newton
79
Who stared the first Sunday school and became known as the "Father of the Sunday School Movement"?
Robert Raikes
80
What is education for all children?
popular education
81
What do historians see as the beginning of popular education in Great Britain?
the Sunday school movement
82
Who was a social reformer who was very concerned about the miserable state of the prisons placed under his care?
John Howard
83
What was perhaps the greatest effect of the Wesleyan revival?
the rise of modern missions
84
Who was the "Father of Modern Missions"?
William Carey
85
What is the year that marks the beginning of modern missions?
1792
86
Who was the "Father of American Missions"?
Adoniram Judson
87
Who was one of the most noteworthy members of the British Parliament during the 18th century?
Edmund Burke
88
Who is remembered as the "Father of Modern Conservatism"?
Edmund Burke
89
What was a jurist who became the leading authority on English law?
Sir William Blackstone
90
Who was the greatest literary figure of the 18th century?
Samuel Johnson
91
Who was the greatest British navigator of the age and was the first to cross the Atlantic Circle?
Captain James Cook
92
Who was the Protestant cousin of Queen Anne who began the Hanoverian line of kings?
George I
93
What line of kings was started by George I?
Hanoverian
94
Who was the first true prime minister of Britain?
Sir Robert Walpole
95
What were the two important events during the reign of George I?
(1) the unsuccessful Jacobite rebellion of 1715
(2) a major economic and political crisis in 1720 caused by the illegal practices of the South Sea Company
96
Who was the second Hanoverian king who learned English but was even less involved in the English government than his father had been?
George II
97
Who was George II's successor who was king during the French and Indian War?
George III
98
What was the war that broke out as the British fought the French and their Native American allies for control?
French and Indian War
99
Who was king of England when the English colonized Georgia?
George III
100
What was the last of the English colonies in North America, for a total of 13?
Georgia
101
Who was the prime minister of England was turned the tide of the French and Indian War?
William Pitt the Elder
102
What is the economic policy that held that the real measure of a nation's wealth was the amount of gold or silver is possessed?
mercantilism
103
What first met in Philadelphia in order to maintain freedom in America and reconcile their differences with Great Britain if possible?
Continental Congress
104
What was the war that began after George III removed his protection from the colonies?
American War for Independence
105
What is the American War for Independence also known as?
Revolutionary War
106
When was the Declaration of Independence adopted?
July 4, 1776
107
What is the most important human statement of political principles in the history of the world?
Declaration of Independence
108
What was America's first attempt to build a national government that proved to be unworkable and inadequate?
Articles of Confederation
109
What was the document that had become a masterpiece of history?
United States Constitution
110
By what year was the United States Constitution ratified?
1789
111
Who was the first president of the United States?
George Washington
