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History > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a narrow strip of land located in ancient western Asia that was named for its fruitfulness and for the likeness of its shape to a crescent moon?

A

Fertile Crescent

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2
Q

What is the Fertile Crescent commonly called and why?

A

the “Cradle of Civilization”; because this region was home to ten ancient cultures

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3
Q

What are the two rivers that begin high up in the Ararat mountains as streams and were fed by rain and melting snow, then picking up large amounts of rich and fertile mountainside soli and deposit in on the plains below?

A

Tigris and Euphrates

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4
Q

What means “land between the rivers”?

A

Mesopotamia

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5
Q

What was the 400-mile-long Mesopotamian plain that stretches from the area north of Baghdad to the headquarters of the Persian Gulf?

A

Plain of Shinar

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6
Q

What is the northernmost region of the Mesopotamian plain which was the site of the first postdiluvian civilization?

A

Sumer

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7
Q

What were the three oldest Sumerian settlements that were located along the lower Euprates?

A

Eridu, Uruk, and Ur

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8
Q

What was the greatest Sumeria contribution to civilization?

A

writing

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9
Q

What is “wedge” writing?

A

cuneiform

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10
Q

What was the earliest form of cuneiform that represented particular objects, such as the sun, the moon, a man, a bird, a tree, etc.?

A

pictograms

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11
Q

What was the second stage of cuneiform writing that included symbols of things the cannot be pictures and of actions and ideas?

A

ideogram

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12
Q

What was the last stage of cuneiform writing the provided the basis for the development of a syllabary?

A

phonogram

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13
Q

What was the age when the Sumerians reached the high point of cultural development as a group of independent city-states?

A

Early Domestic Age

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14
Q

Who is history’s second great empire builder?

A

Sargon of Akkad

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15
Q

When was the age when language written in cuneiform characters began to supplant Sumerian as the spoken language of Sumer?

A

Old Akkadian Period

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16
Q

Who came to the throne of Ur about 2100 B.C., that founded the famed Third Dynasty of Ur and developed the world’s most ancient law code?

A

Ur-Nammu

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17
Q

What is the timem period referred to as during the reign of Ur-Nammu?

A

The Golden Age of Ur

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18
Q

Who was the English army officer of the 19th century who successfully broke the code of cuneiform?

A

Sir Henry C. Rawlinson

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19
Q

what are signs representing syllables?

A

syllabary

20
Q

What is the way of life of a group of people?

A

Culture

21
Q

What comes into being when a people’s culture begins to include a specialized division of labor, a written language a written code of laws, an organized form of civil government, and the development of the arts and sciences?

A

Civilization

22
Q

Before any of the developments of a civilization can take place what must there be a mastery over?

A

The food supply

23
Q

What is the process of transmitting the cultural heritage of a people from one generation to the next?

A

Education

24
Q

Who were the first to develop a system of formal schooling?

A

The Sumarians

25
Q

What was the Samarian school called that was established soon after the Samarians developed a written language in order to train professional scribes in the fine art of cuneiform writing on clay tablets?

A

edubba

26
Q

What was the most important Sumerian industry in terms of commercial activity?

A

Textiles

27
Q

What were huge temple towers in which one terrace was built upon another each a little smaller than the one below?

A

Ziggurats

28
Q

What numbers was Sumerian mathematics based on?

A

10 and 60

29
Q

How did the Sumerians divide up the circle?

A

Into three hundred sixty equal parts

30
Q

Who were the first astronomers?

A

The Sumarians

31
Q

How long was each lunar month based on the Sumerian calendar?

A

29 to 30 days each

32
Q

How long was the Sumerian year?

A

354 days long and occasionally they would add a 13th month

33
Q

What is the false belief that heavenly bodies influence human affairs and destinies?

A

Astrology

34
Q

What is the spreading of cultural traits and patterns?

A

Cultural diffusion

35
Q

What means “big man”; the Sumerian king that provided central direction and military leadership in each of the city states?

A

Lugal

36
Q

Name the four sumarian social classes.

A

Nobles, commoners, clients, and slaves

37
Q

Which of the four Sumerian social classes were the ruling princes and their families, palace administrators, and the more important priests of the temple?

A

Nobles

38
Q

Which of the four Sumerian social classes were the Free Citizens who lived in extended patriarchal families and owned and worked their own plots of ground?

A

Commoners

39
Q

Which of the four Sumerian social classes were the well to do temple employees, such as the administrators and craftsmen, the other temple workers, and those who worked the states of the nobility?

A

Clients

40
Q

Which of the four sumarian social classes were those who worked in the temples and palaces and on the large estates?

A

slaves

41
Q

What is belief in one god?

A

Monotheism

42
Q

Who are those who worship nature rather than the Creator of nature?

A

Naturalists

43
Q

Who are those who worship a host of deities?

A

Polytheists

44
Q

What is the world’s oldest work of literature outside the Bible?

A

The Epic of Gilgamesh

45
Q

What is a long poem written in a dignified form which tells the story of a great fictitious or historical hero?

A

Epic

46
Q

When did Abraham live in Ur?

A

2000 B.C.

History (12 decks)

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