Chapter 17 Flashcards
1
Q
By the turn of the 17th century, what country had become one of the most important nations in the world?
A
France
2
Q
Who was the epitome of an absolute ruler?
A
Louis XIV
3
Q
Who trained King Louis XIV?
A
Mazarin
4
Q
Whose reign was one of the longest reigns in history?
A
Louis XIV
5
Q
How long did Louis XIV reign?
A
70 years
6
Q
What was the name given to Louis XIV because he chose the sun as the symbol of his reign?
A
“Sun King”
7
Q
What was the proud statement that Louis XIV once said concerning his reign?
A
“I am the state”
8
Q
What type of government literally means “government by men who sit at desks”?
A
bureaucracy
9
Q
Who headed each counsel in a bureaucracy and represented Louis XIV?
A
intendent
10
Q
Who handled all local matters?
A
agents of the central government
11
Q
What is the French term for the middle class?
A
bourgeoisie
12
Q
What is one of the great works of architecture in the Modern Age that offered much entertainment to keep the aristocracy occupied?
A
Palace of Versailles
13
Q
What describes those who expected unconditional obedience to their authority?
A
authoritarianism
14
Q
What do many modern historians often call this era because several monarchs aspired to have absolute power?
A
Age of Absolutism
15
Q
What describes rulers that has total power over every area of the peoples’ individual lives?
A
totalitarians
16
Q
Who was Louis XIV’s minister of finance who mobilized the country’s economic resources?
A
Jean Baptiste Colbert
17
Q
Who is known as the “Father of New France”?
A
Samuel de Champlain
18
Q
When did Samuel de Champlain found Quebec?
A
1608
19
Q
What was the first permanent French colony in America?
A
Quebec
20
Q
Who was a Jesuit missionary who explored the central Mississippi River?
A
Jacques Marquette
21
Q
Who was a fur trader who explored the central Mississippi River?
A
Louis Joliet
22
Q
Who sailed down the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico who claimed the entire Mississippi Valley for France?
A
Robert Cavalier de la Salle
23
Q
What was the region that was claimed by Robert Cavalier de la Salle called?
A
New France
24
Q
Who was the king who revoked the Edict of Nantes?
A
Louis XIV
25
What was the coalition formed by several European nations against France?
League of Augsburg
26
What was the war that broke out between France and the League of Augsburg in 1688?
The War of the League of Augsburg
27
What was the treaty that Louis XIV was forces to sign which established status quo ante bellum?
Treaty of Ryswick
28
What was the most costly war of Louis XIV's reign?
War of the Spanish Succession
29
What was the most notable victory of the alliance formed by England, the Dutch Republic, and Austria?
Battle of Blenheim
30
What was the treaty that ended that War of the Spanish Succession and established the concept of the balance of power?
Treaty of Utrecht
31
What was the idea that no nation should be too strong or too weak?
balance of power
32
What was the strait that Spain ceded to England because of the terms of the Treaty of Utrecht?
Strait of Gibraltar
33
Who were the two remarkable generals who fought in the War of the Spanish Succession?
John Churchill and the Duke of Marlborough
34
What was the movement that attempted to apply unaided human philosophy to all areas of man's life in order to establish a new social order?
Age of Enlightenment
35
Who was the "Father of the Enlightenment"?
Voltaire
36
What was the idea that man's reason is the sole criterion for truth?
rationalism
37
Who advocated to overthrow traditional institutions and establish a new order based on reason, science, and tolerance?
Voltaire
38
Who was the "Father of French Romanticism"?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
39
What exalted man's emotions and imagination as the basis for truth?
romanticism
40
Who was the editor of the Encyclopeida?
Denis Diderot
41
What was a multivolume work that was an attempt to reorganize all human knowledge from the perspective of rationalism?
Encyclopedia
42
Who was the grandson of Louis XIV who inherited the throne of France but showed more interest in personal pleasure than he did in governing the country?
Louis XV
43
What was the system of government and the way of life in pre-Revolutionary France?
"old regime"
44
Who was the king who said "After me the deluge"?
Louis XV
45
Who was the king after Louis XV who had neither the education nor the character for the job under whom France succumbed to the sweeping flood of revolution?
Louis XIV
46
Which order was composed of the clergy?
First Estate
47
Which order made up the nobility?
Second Estate
48
Which order made up everyone else in France?
Third Estate
49
How much of his annual income did the average peasant pay in taxes or fees of one sort or another?
about half
50
Who was the philosopher who believed that man is naturally good, but society is bad?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
51
How much of the population did the Third Estate include by 1789?
98%
52
What type of revolution did the French Revolution begin?
aristocratic revolution
53
What type of revolution is a revolt of the nobility against the king?
aristocratic revolution
54
What type of revolution did the French Revolution become because the Third Estate refused to vote as one big assembly but as individuals?
bourgeoisie revolution
55
What did the Third Estate declare itself to be as the official representative body of all the people of France?
National Assembly
56
What was the oath that vowed to continue meeting until a national constitution had been written?
Tennis Court Oath
57
Who was Louis XVI's wife?
Marie Antoinette
58
What was the third stage of the French Revolution that occurred when the great mass of the common people below the bourgeoise began to rise?
mass revolution
59
What was an old castle stronghold in Paris that was used primarily as a prison?
Bastille
60
When was the Storming of the Bastille?
July 14, 1789
61
What later became the national holiday of France?
Bastille Day
62
What was the document that essentially ended feudalism in France?
August 4 Decrees
63
What proclaimed to the world "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity, or Death"?
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
64
What was the slogan for the new regime in France?
"Liberty, Equality, Fraternity, or Death"
65
Who were those who fled from France to other countries?
émigrés
66
What was the radical club that was made of several of those who supported such extremes?
Jacobin Club
67
What was adopted by the National Assembly by attempting to justify the confiscation of church property and the establishment of a Church of France?
Civil Constitution of the Clergy
68
What did the National Assembly become known as?
Constituent Assembly
69
What was France's first written constitution that gave the king only limited veto power?
Constitution of 1791
70
What was the group who supported the king and wanted the Revolution to go no further?
Right
71
What was the group that had no particular program or principles?
Center
72
What was the group composed of young radicles who distrusted the king, were displeased with the Constitution of 1791 and wanted the Revolution to go much further in France?
Left
73
What was one of the most important series of wars in the history of the world?
Napoleonic Wars
74
What was the more radical group that replaces the Constituent Assembly and was to rule temporarily and write another constitution?
National Convention
75
What was the device designed for chopping off human heads?
guillotine
76
What was the group composed of 12 men who held extensive police and judicial powers that was made to quell the growing anarchy?
Committe of Public Safety
77
Who was a prominent member of the Jacobin Club who soon became the most influential man in the French government?
Maximilien Robespierre
78
What was the age that the Committe of Public Safety instituted?
"Regin of Terror"
79
About how many people died during the Reign of Terror?
40,000
80
When was the Reign of Terror the bloodiest?
when atheism was at its highest
81
What was the new system of weights and measures that was devised because the old system reminded them of the kings and aristocrats who had established it?
metric system
82
What was the religion that rejected Scripture and professed that God is an impersonal Being Who is revealed only in nature and must be sought through man's reason?
Deism
83
What was the fifth government of France in as many years?
Directory
84
Who was a student of French military who proclaimed a new republic after driving the legislators of the Directory from their chambers?
Napoleon Bonaparte
85
When did Napoleon Bonaparte drive the legislators of the Directory from their chambers?
1799
86
What was the new republic formed by Napoleon?
Consulate
87
What were the new law codes established by Napoleon that became the most famous since those of the Romans?
Code Napoleon
88
What was a formal agreement with the pope?
Concordat
89
What was the most significant accomplishment of Napoleon in internal affairs?
he made peace with the Catholic church
90
Who declared Napoleon emperor?
the pope himself
91
Who crowned Napoleon emperor?
himself
92
What was one of the greatest sea battles in history in which the British nave destroyed a combined French and Spanish fleet?
Battle of Trafalgar
93
What was the battle that established England's supremacy of the world's oceans for the next 140 years?
Battle of Trafalgar
94
Who was perhaps the greatest naval hero the world has ever known?
Lord Horatio Nelson
95
What was the greatest victory of Napoleon's career?
Battle of Austerlitz
96
By what year did Napoleon control virtually all of Europe?
1812
97
Who was the 18-year-old daughter of the Austrian emperor who Napoleon married after divorcing Josephine?
Marie Louise
98
What forbade the importation of British goods into any European country under French control?
Continental System
99
Who was the leader of Russia who withdrew his country from the Continental System and began to trade with England?
Czar Alexander I
100
In what years did Napoleon begin the Russian campaign?
1812
101
What has been said to have been Napoleon's worst enemy in the Russai campaign?
the Russian winter
102
What was the battle where the combined forces of Europe defeated Napoleon's new army?
Battle of Leipzig
103
What has the Battle of Leipzig sometimes been called?
Battle of the Nations
104
What was the battle where more nations engaged in history until the 20th century?
Battle of Leipzig
105
What was the island on the Italian coast where Napoleon was exiled to to live out his days?
Elba
106
Who was the brother of Louis XVI who became the king of France?
Louis XVIII
107
What was the battle where Napoleon met his final defeat?
Battle of Waterloo
108
When did the Battle of Waterloo take place?
1815
109
Who was a brilliant British general who crushed the French army at the Battle of Waterloo?
Duke of Wellington
110
What was the distant island in the south Atlantic where Napoleon was exiled to to live out the remaining six years of his life?
St. Helena
