Chapter 11 Flashcards
Where was the first Christian church established?
Jerusalem
What word means “universal” or “one” and may be used to describe the idea of an “invisible” church of all believers?
catholic
What was the idea of an invisible church replaced with?
the idea of a visible church including all professing Christians
What was the church which became prominent well before the end of the second century that many churches looked up to?
Church of Rome
Who declared that every church must agree with the Church of Rome and claimed that the Roman church had been founded by Paul and Peter?
Iranaeus
Who were members of the church whose name comes from the Greek word for “servant”?
deacons
Who were elders in the church named after the Greek word for “overseer” or “superintendent”?
bishops
What is the idea that:
- Christ has appointed the apostles to succeed His ministry on earth;
- that the apostles had appointed bishops as their successors;
- that these in turn appointed successors of their own
- and that much, if not all, of the authority of the apostles had therefore been passed down in an unbroken line to the current bishops?
apostolic succession
Who does the Bible clearly identify as the true Head of the Church?
Christ
What is the idea that as long as the apostles lived, the churches had the benefit of having special leaders appointed directly by Christ Himself and authorized to speak and act in His name?
apostolic authority
What is the theory that:
- Christ founded His church upon Peter
- that Christ made Peter the visible head of the Church
- and that Peter transmitted his power to his successors, the bishops of Rome, that first of whom he appointed?
Petrine theory
What was the idea that the Roman church is supreme over all churches and the bishop of Rome is supreme over all bishops?
Roman Catholic Church
Who was the bishop of Rome who was to be revered for his postition?
pope
What was the pope who was officially recognized as supreme over the Roman church in 445 by Valentinian III?
Pope Leo I
Who issued his famous doctrine of the “two swords” in 494?
Pope Gelasius I
Who was the doctrine separating civil and ecclesiastical authority and making the pope and the bishops supreme over all human rulers in matters relating to God?
“two swords”
Who was the first medieval pope?
Gregory I
What were the territories of the Roman church divided into?
dioceses
What were the dioceses divided into?
parishes
What were means of grace that the church taught salvation depended on?
sacraments
What means cut off from the church?
excommunicated
Why did it appear that the church held the very keys to heaven?
because the priest alone could administer the sacraments
Who was a missionary to Ireland?
Patrick
What did Patrick use to explain the Trinity to the people of Ireland?
a three-leaf clover
What is the doctrine that the bread and wine of the Lord’s Supper actually became the body and blood of Christ in the hands of the priest?
transubstantiation
What are remains of artifacts such as alleged fragments from the cross or the crown of thorns?
relics
Who were deceased Christians officially recognized by the church as hold because of the martyrdom, miracles, or other mertis?
saints
What were certificates from the pope that excused a person from doing penance and shortened the required stay in purgartory?
indulgences
What is a place of fire where the souls of penitent sinners remained after death to be purged of sin and rendered fit for heaven?
purgatory
What was a Latin translation completed by the church leader Jerome in 405 and was just about the only version available in the Middle Ages?
Vulgate
Who gave the English people the Bible in their own tongue by translating it from Latin to English and having copies written out by hand?
John Wycliffe
Who accomplished a similar feat to John Wycliffe for the people of the Alps 200 years earlier?
Peter Waldo
Who was the counsel that forbade anyone except a clergyman to possess a copy of the Bible?
Counsil of Toulouse
What was the service and worship book of the church?
brveiary
What is the practice of withdrawing from society to live in solitude?
monasticism
Who are men who practice monasticism?
monks
Who are women who practice monasticism?
nuns
Who were the earliest monks who lived in the wilderness and sought to please God by torturing themselves?
hermits
What is the abstinence of marriage?
celibacy
Who was a desperate soul who perched alone for 37 years atop a stone pillar over 50 feet high?
Simeon Stylites
What are religious communities isolated from the rest of society?
monasteries
What are monasteries for nuns?
convents
What are rigid rules that those who lived in monasteries had to follow?
orders
Who was an Italian monk who founded a monastery at Monte Cassino in southern Italy?
Benedict
Who was the head of the monastery?
abbot
Who lived like other monks except that the preached and did missionary work outside the monarsteries?
friars
What were the two most prominent orders of friers?
the Franciscans and the Dominicans
What was the most dominant Germanic tribe that moved into Gaul as the Roman Empire collapsed?
Franks
