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History > Chapter 16 > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Flashcards

1
Q

What were scientists during this era called?

A

natural philosophers

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2
Q

Who was a Polish astronomer who made one of the most important breakthroughs of modern science by discovering the heliocentric view of the universe?

A

Nicholaus Copernicus

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3
Q

What means “sun-centered”?

A

heliocentric

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4
Q

What means “earth-centered”?

A

geocentric

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5
Q

Who discovered the three laws of planetary motion?

A

Johannes Kepler

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6
Q

Wha are oval-shaped paths that the planets follow when they orbit the sun?

A

Johannes Kepler

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7
Q

Which law of planetary motion states that planets orbit the sun in elllipses?

A

first law of planetary motion

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8
Q

Which law of planetary motion explains why a planet moves faster when it is closer to the sun?

A

second law of planetary motion

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9
Q

Which law of planetary motion explains the relation between the time it takes a planet to orbit the sun and its distance from the sun?

A

third law of planetary motion

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10
Q

Who built a telescope and discovered the law of uniform acceleration and the laws of the pendulum?

A

Galileo Galilei

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11
Q

What is the law that states that the spread of a body falling in a vacuum accelerates?

A

law of uniform acceleration

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12
Q

What is the law that explains the relationship between the time it takes a freely swinging mass to travel in its arc and the distance between the mass and its connecting point?

A

laws of the pendulum

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13
Q

Who contributed more to the scientific progress of mankind than any other individual?

A

Isaac Newton

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14
Q

What was Newton’s book in which he announced his discovery of the universal law of gravitation?

A

Principia

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15
Q

What is the law that states every particle of matter in the universe attracts every other particle of matter with a force directly proportional to its quantity of matter?

A

universal law of gravitation

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16
Q

What are the laws that deal with the concepts of inertia, acceleration’s relationship to physical force, and action and reaction to force?

A

three laws of motion

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17
Q

Who is remembered as the “Father of Modern Science”?

A

Isaac Newton

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18
Q

What is Newton’s book about the nature of light?

A

Opticks

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19
Q

Who is known as the “Father of Anatomy”?

A

Andreas Vesalius

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20
Q

Who published De Magneta?

A

William Gilbert

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21
Q

Who formulated the modern scientific method?

A

Francis Bacon

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22
Q

Who discovered the circulation of blood in the human body?

A

William Harvey

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23
Q

Who invented a calculating device that was a predecessor to modern calculators?

A

Blaise Pascal

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24
Q

Who formulation his laws of gases, earning the title “Father of Modern Chemistry”?

A

Robert Boyle

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25
Who became the first to observe microscopic cells?
Robert Hook
26
Who is the "Father of Microbiology"?
Anton van Leuwenhoek
27
Who was one of the greatest astronomers of his day?
Edmund Halley
28
Who pioneered the science of taxonomy and originated the idea of species?
John Ray
29
What is the science of classification?
taxonomy
30
What are distinct kinds of animals or plants?
species
31
Who was a great botanist who expounded Ray's work and establish the modern system of biological classification?
Carlous Linnaeus
32
Who invented the mercury thermometer?
Gabriel Fahrenheit
33
Who led in the formation of the Philosophical College?
John Wilkins
34
What was met regularly in London to conduct experiments and discuss scientific theories?
Philosophical College
35
What was the first permanent scientific society of the Modern Age?
Royal Society
36
What was founded in 1666 and was largely supported by Jansenists?
French Academy of Science
37
What was a group of French Catholics who believed in salvation by God's grace?
Jansenists
38
What is a work of supreme excellence that has stood the test of time- a work for all people of all ages?
a classic
39
How should all human works be evaluated?
in light of the Bible
40
What is the greatest classic of all?
the Bible
41
Who was the leader of the Protestant Reformation who was himself a singer and composer who highly valued the educational and moral power of music?
Martin Luther
42
What were Luther's most original and lasting musical compositions?
chorales
43
What became the musical center of the world?
Germany
44
Who is one of history's greatest composers before Bach?
Heinrich Schutz
45
What are elaborate songs based on poems?
madrigals
46
Who invented madrigals?
Heinrich Schutz
47
What is Heinrich Schutz's greatest contributions?
church music
48
Who is one of history's greatest composers?
Johann Sebastian Bach
49
Who wrote the best-loved oratorio The Messiah?
George Frederick Handel
50
What is a sacred choral word often using Biblical text?
oratorio
51
What is perhaps the best-known choral piece in the world?
Hallelujah Chorus
52
Who is known as the "Father of the English Hymn"?
Isaac Watts
53
What are spiritual songs of praise?
hymns
54
Who is known for writing cheerful music for the church?
Franz Joseph Heyden
55
Which musical composer was a child prodigy?
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
56
What is a child of highly unusually talent or genius?
child prodigy
57
Whose music marked the climax of the classical style of music?
Ludwig van Beethoven
58
What are long piano solos?
piano sonatas
59
What type of music was Beethoven's greatest works?
symphonies
60
Which of Beethoven's symphonies is the best known symphony of all?
Fifth Symphony
61
Which of Beethoven's symphonies was his last and most unusual that employs a chorus and soloists in the finale?
Ninth Symphony
62
Who was the first musician of modern times?
Josquin des Pres
63
With whom did art in the Modern Age begin?
Albrecht Durer
64
What means making prints by engraving designs on wooden blocks?
woodcutting
65
What is Albrecht Durer's most popular work?
Praying Hands
66
Who was one of the greatest portait painters of all time?
Hans Holbein the Younger
67
In whose court did Hans Holbein the Younger serve in?
King Henry VIII
68
Who is the greatest of the Dutch masters who was one of the greatest painters of all times?
Rembrandt van Rijn
69
Who is known for his use of madrigals?
Heinrich Schutz
70
Who is known for his use of the oratorio?
George Frederick Handel
71
Who is known for his use of symphonies?
Ludwig van Beethoven

History (25 decks)

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