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Chapter 21 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the desire to break loose from their established governments and rule themselves based on what they saw as “natural” boundaries of national origin?

A

revolutionary nationalism

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2
Q

What is political disorder and violence because of a lack of any government?

A

anarchy

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3
Q

What is the false idea that God is not separate from nature, but that nature is God?

A

pantheism

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4
Q

Who was the German philosopher that said that the senses and the mind are the sold avenues of knowledge, and that man cannot know God or the soul by either of these avenues?

A

Immanuel Kant

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5
Q

What bases thought and action on the way one wishes things were rather than on reality?

A

idealism

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6
Q

What is the idea that truth is relative and dependent on man’s reasoning?

A

relativism

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7
Q

Who was another German philosopher who introduced dialectic thinking?

A

G. W. F. Hegel

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8
Q

What is the idea that one fact or idea that works against a contradictory fact to create a “new fact”?

A

dialectic thinking

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9
Q

What are certain unchangeable truths?

A

absolutes

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10
Q

Who was one of the most influentials theologians of 19th century Protestantism who creates a “theology of feeling” which emphasized one’s “feeling of dependence” rather than faith in God’s Word?

A

Friedrich Schleiermacher

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11
Q

What is the nickname that Friedrich Schleiermacher has often been called?

A

Father of Theological Liberalism

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12
Q

What questioned in the guise of scholarship, the inspiration, authority, texts, and meaning of the Bible?

A

higher criticism

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13
Q

What are religious liberals?

A

modernists

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14
Q

What was the meeting where the leading diplomats of Europe met to redraw the map of Europe and to try to create a political solution to Europe’s spiritual problems?

A

Congress of Vienna

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15
Q

Who was the Russian ruler who attended the Congress of Vienna?

A

Czar Alexander I

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16
Q

Who was the ruler of Great Britain who attended the Congress of Vienna?

A

Lord Castlereagh

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17
Q

Who was the ruler of Frace who attended the Congress of Vienna?

A

Charles Maurice de Talleyrand

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18
Q

Who was the ruler of Austria who attended the Congress of Vienna?

A

Prince von Metternich

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19
Q

Who was known as the “Prince of Diplomats”?

A

Prince von Metternich

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20
Q

What were 38 larger states organized into, remaining as Napoleon had reconstituted it?

A

German Confederation

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21
Q

What was the alliance composed of Austria, Prussia, Russia, and Great Britain that came from the Congress of Vienna?

A

Quadruple Alliance

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22
Q

What was the Quadruple Alliance known as when France joined?

A

Quintuple Alliance

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23
Q

What was the alliance that came from the Congress of Vienna that would follow the policy based on holy religion, namely the precepts of justice, Christian charity, and peace?

A

Holy Alliance

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24
Q

What was the system that met periodically to work together to put down any rumblings of revolution?

A

Congress System

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25
Who were Spaniards born in the colonies who worked together toward independence from Spain?
Creoles
26
Who were Latin Americans of mixed Spanish and Indigenous ancestry?
mestizos
27
Who were two men who led armies and won Chilean independence?
José de San Martín and Bernardo O'Higgins
28
Who led his army to victory after victory over the Spanish, winning independence for Bolivar, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela?
Simon Bolívar
29
Who was known as "The Liberator"?
Simon Bolívar
30
What was a statement that warned European nations that intervention in Latin America would be looked upon by the United States as an unfriendly act?
Monroe Doctrine
31
When was the Monroe Doctrine issued?
1823
32
When did the Congress System suffer a final blow?
the Greek move for indepence
33
What was the treaty that Turkey was forced to accept by England, France, and Russia?
Treaty of Adrianople
34
Who came to the throne of France after the fall of Napoleon?
Louis XVIII
35
Who was the brother of Louis XVIII who came to the throne but was not supported by the legislature of France?
Charles X
36
What was the revolution that began when the people revolted against Charles X's action of dissolving the legislature?
July Revolution
37
Who became king when Charles X was forced to flee to England?
Louis Philippe
38
Who was the uncle of Britain's Queen Victoria who was appointed as king of Belgium?
Leopold I
39
Who is best remembered for colonizing the Congo in Africa?
Leopold I
40
Who was the nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte who was elected president of the Second Republic by an overwhelming majority?
Louis Napoleon
41
What did Louis Napoleon declare himself as?
Emperor Napoleon III
42
Who was supported by Emperor Napoleon III in a takeover of Mexico?
Archduke Maximilian
43
Who returned to Italy after being imprisoned and exiled to organize Young Italy?
Guiseppe Mazzi
44
What was a secret society aimed at insurrection in Italy and ultimately unification through violence?
Young Italy
45
Who was the prime minister of Sardinia who worked toward unification through diplomatic means?
Count Cavour
46
Who returned to Italy to organize the Red Shirts?
Guiseppe Garibaldi
47
What was a paramilitary group of revolutionaries?
Red Shirts
48
Who was the chancellor of Prussia who took the lead in German unification?
Otto von Bismark
49
What were the two dutchies which had been claimed by both Denmark and the German Confederation which Bismark and Austria took?
Schleswig and Holstein
50
What was the war that led to the complete unification of Germany?
Franco-Prussian War
51
Who was the first emperor of a united Germany?
King Wilhelm
52
What was the lower chamber of the German parliament?
Reichstag
53
What was the upper chamber of the German parliament?
Bundesstaat
54
Who was the new emperor of Germany who dismissed Bismark and took foreign affairs into his own hands?
Wilhelm II
55
Who was Wilhelm II's state security for naval affairs who organized the Navy League and set out to build up German sea power?
Admiral von Tirpitz
56
What did the Austrian Empire become because Austria decided to save its status as an empire by a compromise with the Hungarians?
Dual Monarchy
57
Who was the Hapsburg ruler who became both the king of Hungary and the emperor of Austria?
Francis Joseph I
58
What was France's government organized in 1870 in which the French people elected a largely aristocratic assembly, which favored a monarchal form of government?
Third Republic
59
What proposed to forcibly establish a more "democratic" system of government in the style of the first French Revolution?
Paris Commune
60
Where did a large group of people bind together into a Marxist Commune?
Paris
61
What was the alliance France entered into with Russia?
Dual Alliance
62
What reconciled the differences between France and Great Britain?
Entente Cordiale
63
What sealed the alliance among Britain, France, and Russia?
Triple Entente
64
What was the term that did not come into common usage before the mid-1820s, although its basic ideas had long been in existence?
socialism
65
What was the earliest brand of socialism because of its emphasis on the founding of utopian communities in which socialist areas could be tried?
Utopian Socialism
66
What was the forceful seizure of governmental power to achieve their goals?
militant socialism
67
Wo advocated democratic socialism and originated the socialist aphorism, "from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs"?
Louis Blanc
68
What was the type of socialism in which the proletarians would publicly own and control procedures industry?
democratic socialism
69
Who was the first king of a united Italy?
Victor Emmanuel II
70
Who was the first person declared emperor of a united Germany?
King Wilhelm I

History (25 decks)

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