Chapter 25 Flashcards
1
Q
Who organized the Fascist party and became dictator of Italy?
A
Benito Mussolini
2
Q
What was a form of socialism that is similar to Communism by exercising totalitarian control of political, economic, cultural, religious, and social activities and following Darwinian ideas?
A
Fascism
3
Q
Who was the socialist whose promises of prosperity were believed by many Germans because they lacked spiritual discernment?
A
Adolf Hitler
4
Q
What was a form of socialism that relies more heavily on terrorist aggression, fanatical racism, and antidemocratic nationalism?
A
Nazism
5
Q
What was the full name that Hitler’s group soon took?
A
National Socialist Germany Workers’ Party
6
Q
What was Adolf Hitler’s autobiography that was also and exposition of Nazi ideology what served as a “blueprint” for Hitler’s plans?
A
Mein Kampf
6
Q
What was the nickname given to Hitler’s group?
A
Nazi party
7
Q
What was Germany’s chief legislative body?
A
Reichstag
8
Q
What was the title that Hitler assumed after he came to power?
A
Der Fuhrer
9
Q
When did Hitler come to power?
A
1933
10
Q
What did Hitler call his new government?
A
1933
11
Q
What was Hitler’s most nefarious scheme which he launched once in power?
A
the annihilation of the Jewish people and other groups he considered “inferior”
12
Q
Who led the militarists in Japan?
A
General Hideki Tojo
13
Q
What type of government relies heavily upon a military solution to economic and social problems?
A
militarism
14
Q
Who was the official head of the Japanese government who was left with no real authority?
A
Emperor Hirohito
15
Q
What was the ancient warrior class in Japan?
A
samurai
16
Q
When did the United States officially recognize the Communist government in Russia?
A
1933
17
Q
What government did the United States recognize in Russia in 1933?
A
Communist
18
Q
What was the Chinese territory seized by Japan, beginning the wave of aggression which plunged the world into a second world war?
A
Manchuria
19
Q
Who was the Nationalist Chinese leader?
A
Chiang Kai-shek
20
Q
Who was the Chinese leader?
A
Mao Tse-tung
21
Q
Who was the American general sent to China to fight against the Japanese?
A
Claire Chennault
22
Q
What was the group of three volunteer squadrons of American airmen who flew missions against the Japanese and fought them successfully in the air against incredible odds?
A
Flying Tigers
23
Q
Who fought to keep Spain from falling into the hands of the Communist forces who fought for the other side?
A
Francisco Franco
24
Who was the original alliance formed between Hitler and Mussolini?
Rome-Berlin Axis
25
What was the union formed with Italy, Germany, and Japan?
Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis
26
What were the countries of Italy, Germany, and Japan collectively known as?
Axis Powers
27
What was the forced union of Germany with Austria?
Anschluss
28
What was the mountainous region along the Czech-German border?
Sudetenland
29
Who was the British prime minister who flew to Germany to sign a pact with Hitler?
Neville Chamberlain
30
Who was the French leader who flew to Germany to sign a pact with Hitler?
Edouard Daladier
31
What was the pact that dismantles Czechoslovakia by giving the rich Sudetenland to Germany?
Munich Pact
32
What is either giving in to the demands of aggressor nations or taking no action when the aggressors attacked weaker countries?
appeasement
33
What was the tiny country seized by Mussolini that would later provide a springboard for an invasion of Greece and Yugoslavia?
Albania
34
What was the German fortifications in the west that was built to oppose the French Maginot Line?
Siegfried Line
35
What was the non-aggression pact signed between Hitler and Stalin which also included a secret agreement between the Germans and Soviets to invade Poland and divide the land between them?
Nazi-Soviet Pact
36
What was the day that the Nazi war machine moved into Poland?
September 1, 1939
37
What was the day that Britain and France declared war on Germany, beginning World War II?
September 3, 1939
38
What was the country that was invaded, officially beginning World War II?
Poland
39
What were the German dive bombers who destroyed the weak Polish air force on the ground?
Stuka
40
What were the German tanks that overwhelmed the Polish cavarly?
Panzer
41
What is a fast, heavy assault by motorized forces and air power?
blitzkrieg
42
What was the region where some 10,000 captured Polish officers were slaughtered by the Russians?
Katyn Forest
43
What means "sitting down war"?
sitzkrieg
44
Who was a traitor who was instituted as the head of the Nazi puppet government in Norway?
Vidkun Quisling
45
What was the little port on the English Channel where hundreds of British vessels rescued more than 300,000 British and French soldiers from the Germans?
Dunkirk
46
Who was the old World War I hero who came to power and immediately asked Hitler for an armistice in France?
Henri Petain
47
What was the small zone in southern France that was not under direct German control?
Vichy
48
Who organized the Free French government?
General Charles de Gaulle
49
What was the name of the plan devised by Hitler to conquer Great Britian?
Operation Sea-Lion
50
What was the mighty German air force called?
Luftwaffe
51
Who became prime minister of Great Britain?
Winston Churchill
52
What was the battle that began when Hitler hurled his bombers against England?
Battle of Britian
53
What was the new invention that helped the RAF turn the tides against the Luftwaffe?
radar
54
What were battleships designed to meet the size limitations proposed on Germany's navy by the Treaty of Versailles?
pocket battleships
55
What was the name of the German troops sent to Africa to reconquer all of the territory lost by the Italians to the British?
Africa Korps
56
Who led the Africa Korps?
Erwin Rommel
57
What was Erwin Rommel's nickname?
"Desert Fox"
58
When did Hitler attack the Soviet boundary regardless of the armistice?
June 22, 1941
59
What year was the turning point of the war?
1941
60
Who was the British prime minister who was perhaps that 20th century's greatest statesman?
Winston Churchill
61
What was the act that continued the terms of the earlier legislation and adopted the important "cash-and-carry: principle for dealing with warring nations?
Neutrality Act of 1937
62
When was the Neutrality Act?
1937
63
What was the act that granted the President sweeping powers to sell, lease, lend, or otherwise dispense of war materials to any nation whose defense he felt vital to American security?
Lend-Lease Act
64
What was the American gunboat that was sunk on the Yangtze River by the Japanese airmen?
Panay
65
What was the home base for America's Pacific Fleet?
Pearl Harbor
66
What was the date for the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor?
December 7, 1941
67
What was the French port where the British-Canadian force attempted a full-scale raid but was brutally repulsed by the Germans?
Dieppe
68
Who launched a heavy counteroffensive against the Africa Korps at El Alamein?
General Bernard Montgomery
69
Where did General Montgomery launch a heavy counteroffensive against the Africa Korps?
El Alamein
70
What was the invasion of Vishy French Northwest Africa?
Operation Torch
71
Who were the two American generals two led Operation Torch?
Dwight D. Eisenhower and George S. Paton
72
When did Italy formerly surrender to the Allies?
September 18, 1943
73
Who were Japanese American soldiers who were all sons of Japanese immigrants and were born and educated in the United States?
Nisei
74
Who was the American president at the beginning of World War II?
Franklin Roosevelt
75
What was the city where the Russian surrounded the German Sith Army and pinned them in the devastated city for nearly two months?
Stalingrad
76
When was D-Day?
June 6, 1944
77
What was the day that thousands of American, British, Canadian, and Free French troops hit the beaches of Normandy, launching the largest amphibious assault in history?
D-Day (June 6, 1944)
78
What was the beach in northwestern France where D-Day took place?
Normandy
79
What was the unit comprised of talented black American pilots who achieved complete superiority in the air and supported the Allied advance on the ground?
Fighting Red Tails
80
What was the dense forest where Hitler hoped to advance across the Meuse River and recapture that busy port of Antwerp?
Ardennes Forest
81
What was the Nazi's great last offensive in the west?
Battle of the Bulge
82
When did the Germans surrender unconditionally?
May 7, 1945
83
When was V-E Day?
May 8, 1945
84
What does V-E Day stand for?
Victory in Europe Day
85
What were the three American outposts between Hawaii and the Philippines?
Midway, Wake, and Guam
86
Who was the man in charge of American defenses in the Philippines?
General Douglas MacArthur
87
What was the peninsula where the remainder of American forces were forced to retreat in order to prevent further bloodshed?
Bataan Peninsula
88
What was the fortified island which guarded the entrance to Manila Bay?
Corregidor
89
What was the event when American prisoners from Bataan and Corregidor were forced by their Japanese captors to walk 70 miles to prison camps?
Bataan Peninsula
90
What were the two British possessions in the Orient that were lost to Japan?
Hong Kong and Singapore
91
What was the last land route to China?
Burma Road
92
What was the battle in which the Japanese were able to complete their conquest on land?
Battle of Java Sea
93
Who led a bombing raid over Tokyo and other Japanese cities?
Colonel "Jimmy" Dolittle
94
Who was the first naval battle in history in which the opposing vessels did not sight one another?
Battle of Coral Sea
95
What was the turning point of the war in the Pacific in which the US Nacy broke the back of the Japanese fleet?
Battle of Midway
96
What was the only territory on North America invaded by the Axis Powers?
Aleutian Islands
97
What is the strategy whereby only the most important islands would be assaulted in order to establish air and naval bases for the drive to Japan?
island-hopping
98
Who was the leader who fought to take the Solomans?
Admiral Willaim Halsey
99
Who was the commander-in-chief of the US Pacific Fleet who concentrated his forces in the Central Pacific to attack the Japanese people?
Admiral Chester Nimitz
100
What was the one big problem that America soldiers were faced with?
the Japanese would not surrender
101
What was the island whose capture was the first step in the island-hopping campaign?
Tarawan
102
What was the keystone of the Japanese defences?
Seipan
103
What was the battle that occurred at the same time as the battle in Saipan in which the Japanese navy last 4 aircraft carriers and 400 planes?
Battle of the Philippine Sea
104
What was one of the greatest naval battles in history in which the Japanese lost almost all of their remaining ships and planes?
Battle of Leyte Gulf
105
What was the tiny, barren, volcanic island where the most desperate fighting in human history took place?
Iwo Jima
106
Who became president after Roosevelt suddenly had a stroke?
Henry S. Truman
107
Who became succeeded British Prime Minister Winston Churchill?
Clement Atlee
108
What called upon the Japanese to surrender unconditionally and to withdraw to the home islands?
Potsdam Declaration
109
What was the weapon that was used to save the lives of thousands of American soldiers and countless Japanese who would have bee slaughtered in an invasion?
atomic bomb
110
What was the largest scientific effort of its day?
Manhattan Project
111
Who wrote a letter to President Roosevelt warning him that the Germans might produce an atomic weapon an that the United States should begin research in this area?
Albert Einstein
112
What was the first Japanese city bombed by the atomic bomb, leaving 92,000 Japanese dead and the city devastated?
Hiroshima
113
What was the second Japanese city bombed using the atomic bomb, killing 40,000 people?
Nagasaki
114
When was V-J Day?
September 2, 1945
115
What does V-J Day stand for?
Victory in Japan Day
